Israel’s Believer Meats has joined forces with German engineering firm GEA to help scale up production of cultivated meat, ahead of opening the industry’s largest facility next year.
Early next year, the world’s largest manufacturing facility for cultivated meat will open its doors in North Carolina. Its owner, Israeli startup Believer Meats, is already planning ahead to optimise its processes in the long run.
The company has partnered with German corporation GEA – one of the biggest suppliers of production-scale equipment for the food and beverage sector – to develop technologies and processes that would drive down the costs and emissions associated with producing cultivated meat.
“Believer is on track to overcome the biggest obstacles to scalability,” said Believer Meats CEO Gustavo Burger. “By partnering with GEA – one of the world’s foremost engineering and biotech equipment manufacturers – we are taking the next step in innovating state-of-the-art technology and process engineering capabilities needed to produce cultivated meat products at the right cost.”
Climate and costs at the forefront
Courtesy: Believer Meats
The collaboration aims to enhance the unit economics and sustainability aspects of cultivated meat by optimising the performance and efficiency of manufacturing, starting with chicken before expanding to other products.
Believer Meats and GEA will look to drive advancements in bioreactor technology, perfusion systems, and media rejuvenation. They will also adopt numerous strategies to lower the climate impact of producing cultivated meat, including optimised water usage, power consumption, and circular economy initiatives like waste stream utilisation.
GEA will develop and commission bioreactors for Believer Meat’s technology, specifically designed to deliver high cell densities and yields. The latter’s centrifuge-based perfusion and cell media rejuvenation process is said to optimise cell performance and save water, nutrients, and resources, allowing the startup to reduce production costs by eliminating byproducts and enabling the reuse of media.
“The partnership with GEA will help maximise production yields efficiently and sustainably, which are top priorities for Believer,” said Burger. “The cultivated meat industry is forging a new path that has never been travelled. We are thrilled to partner with GEA and are very optimistic about the future.”
The two companies will further seek to set up joint commercial ventures, leveraging each other’s strengths and resources to expand market reach and speed up the industry’s growth to full scale.
“With the global population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050, there is a clear need to feed more people using fewer resources,” said GEA CEO Stefan Klebert. “We share Believer’s vision that cell cultivation technology is the key to making safe, healthy meat broadly available and affordable.”
The deal comes just months after Believer Meats signed an MoU with Abu Dhabhi’s new food and water cluster, AgriFood Growth & Water Abundance, to establish research and production centres in the city in a bid to combat food and water insecurity.
Believer Meats study proves cheap cultivated meat possible
Courtesy: Believer Meats
Believer Meats announced plans for its facility in late 2022. The 200,000 sq ft plant, located in Wilson County, North Carolina, will feature an innovation centre and tasting kitchen, and be able to churn out 12,000 tonnes of cultivated chicken every year. It’s expected to be operational at the beginning of 2025.
According to McKinsey, it will take until at least 2030 for cultivated meat to be cost-competitve with its conventional counterparts, and this is after companies have cut costs by 99% in less than a decade. One investor told Reuters that these products need to reach manufacturing costs of $2.92 per pound to breach price parity.
Believer Meats has already demonstrated the potential of its technology to lower the costs of producing cultivated chicken. Teaming up with researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, it showcased how using tangential flow filtration (TFF) – an efficient way to separate and purify biomolecules – can be an effective method for the continuous manufacturing of cultivated meat.
Inspired by how Ford’s automated assembly line transformed the auto industry in the early 20th century, their new bioreactor assembly method allowed biomass expansion of 130 billion cells per litre, with a yield of 43% weight per volume. This process of cultivating the chicken cells was carried out continuously for over 20 days, leading to daily harvests of the biomass.
The research, published in the Nature Food journal, suggested that this could bring down the cost of cultivated chicken to $6.20 per lb, in line with the retail price of conventional organic chicken.
“Our findings show that continuous manufacturing enables cultivated meat production at a fraction of current costs, without resorting to genetic modification or mega-factories,” said Believer Meats founder Yaakov Nahmias. “This technology brings us closer to making cultivated meat a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional animal farming.”
North Carolina, meanwhile, is also home to one of Bezos Earth Fund‘s Centers for Sustainable Protein. The alternative protein research hub at NC State University is primarily focused on biomanufacturing and commercialising new technologies – and counts Believer Meats as one of its industry partners.
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers Upside Foods’ tasting event at a taqueria, Japan Airlines’ sweet protein partnership, and a UK state investment into climate-resilient legumes.
New products and launches
Cultivated meat leader Upside Foodsshowcased its chicken at Chicago taqueria Antique Taco, weeks before a judge will consider its preliminary injunction as part of a lawsuit against Florida’s cultivated meat ban.
Courtesy: Jessica Halper/LinkedIn
You can now eat sweet proteins on the fly, literally. Japan Airlines has partnered with Californian food tech startup Oobli to offer its chocolates on the Tokyo-San Francisco route. They’re made from Oubli Sweet Protein, a sugar alternative that has no impact on blood glucose.
Frozen meat-free brand Amy’s Kitchen has expanded its plant-based footprint, replacing eggs with tofu in its breakfast wraps and scrambles.
Next year, New York City will be host to the first Plant Powered Kids Festival, a fully vegan event that will include family-friendly activities like workshops, cooking classes and yoga sessions, alongside food from plant-based vendors. It will be held at Industry City in Brooklyn on February 2.
Courtesy: Just Salad
US fast-casual chain Just Salad has madeImpossible Foods‘s vegan chicken a permanent menu item with its fall menu launch. The plant-based Unbreaded Chicken Filet is part of a Southwest Crunch salad and a Vegan Chipotle Wrap, and also available as a protein option in Build-Your-Own orders.
Speaking of chains, Slutty Vegan is part of the Pepsi Dig In Restaurant Royalty Residency in Las Vegas. Founder Pinky Cole will be serving up its signature Fussy Hussy burger at Mandalay Bay’s Libertine Social and Luxor’s Public House for four weeks through October 18.
Courtesy: Slutty Vegan
British vegan food producer Marigold Health Foods – maker of Engevita nutritional yeast, vegan boullion cubes, and canned meat analogues – has teamed up with packaging specialist Sonoco to launch fully recyclable packaging for a range of its products. The latter’s EnviroCan is designed with a paper bottom and can be recycled by consumers kerbside.
Also in the UK, The Tofoo Co – recently acquired by Comitis Capital – has introduced a Tofoo Katsu SKU in its added value line, which will be available at Sainsbury’s for £3 per 240g pack.
Shortly after its Swiss launch, artisan vegan cheese brand Julienne Bruno has entered the Republic of Ireland via 65 stores, offering its plant-based Burrella, Crematta and Superstraccia SKUs from €5.29-5.95.
Courtesy: Julienne Bruno
Parisian meat analogue maker La Vie‘s bacon will be on the menu at Picadeli at French retailer Monoprix and in Sweden for the next two months.
German beverage manufacturer Waldemar Behn is making its vodka-based Dooley’s Creamy Liqueur brand entirely vegan. It will relaunch the range in 700ml bottles next month, swapping out the dairy with coconut and soy milk instead.
And ahead of Oktoberfest, German food tech innovator Planteneers is offering manufacturers its fiildMeat S 141501 modular system to make plant-based meats for street food classics, such as bratwrusts as well as hot dog sauces.
Company and financial news
The UK’s Department for Environment, Rural and Social Affairs (Defra) has pumped in £3M towards four research organisations to develop climate-resilient legume crops.
Hollywood star Gal Gadot‘s mac and cheese brand Goodles, which has a vegan SKU, has hired a new CFO in Chris Hall after sales tripled in 2023.
Courtesy: Flora/Warren Goldswain/Getty Images
Dutch alt-dairy leader Upfield has renamed itself to Flora Food Group to reflect its flagship butter range, and acquired a manufacturing facility located in Hugoton, Kansas to produce creams and cream cheeses for the North American market.
Speaking of factories, Thai plant-based cheese company Swees has opened a fully vegan-certified facility for co-manufacturing.
Croatian plant protein producer Nutris has been acquired by Swedish investment firm Summa Equity for an undisclosed sum.
Courtesy: Nutris
Scottish startup MiAlgae has secured $18.5M to produce omega-3 fatty acids via microalgae fermentation. It will use the capital to build an industrial-scale facility in the country.
As it awaits regulatory approval in Singapore, Dutch cultivated meat producer Meatable has received €7.6M ($8.5M) in state funding, under the Netherlands Enterprise Agency‘s Innovation Credit programme.
At Wageningen University, the Bioprocess Engineering Chair Group’s cellular agriculture team has obtained a €1.5M investment from Korean biotech firm Whoniz to work on cultivated meat and seafood.
Courtesy: Odd Burger
Canadian vegan fast-food chain Odd Burger has announced the private placement of $4M of convertible debt after reporting its highest quarterly revenues since going public.
Israel’s MNDL Bio has raised $2M to expand its AI-powered gene optimisation platform, which is said to accelerate R&D, lower costs, and bolter success rates in synthetic biology.
Impact investor Earth First Food Ventures has kickstarted a $10M Series A round to expand its financing portfolio in the alt-dairy segment and introduce a $50M precision fermentation fund.
Policy and research developments
The EU’s regulation requiring manufacturers to produce caps that stay tethered to the plastic bottles has been in place for a couple of months now, and has annoyed manydrinkers. But with the EU set to double down on its plastic waste strategy, the caps are here to stay.
Cultivated meat startups Meatable and Umami Bioworks have joined the APAC Society for Cellular Agriculture, expanding its membership to 12.
Courtesy: The Every Company
Precision fermentation egg maker The Every Company has secured a foundational patent in the US for its animal-free ovalbumin protein.
Food advocacy organisation ProVeg International has taken over the Portuguese Vegetarian Association to open an office in Portugal, joining 12 other locations globally.
Cellular Agriculture Australia has released a report calling for clearer, more verifiable impact claims and metrics from companies in the cultivated meat and cellular ag space.
Courtesy: NYC Health + Hospitals
Across the Pacific, New York University hosted the 2024 Plant-Based Food Festival, where it announced that it has signed on to the city’s Plant-Powered Carbon Challenge.
Scientists at the National University of Singapore have found a way to fortify soy whey with Bifidobacteria strain and propionic acid bacteria to increase vitamin B12 levels in plant-based products.
In an advancement for vegan seafood, researchers in China have created plant-based simulated yellow croaker meat tissues by dual-nozzle 3D printing.
Finally, a new docuseries goes behind the scenes of the plant-based culinary scene in Portland, Oregon. The V Word will be released tomorrow, September 26 on streaming network WaterBear, and explores the lifestyle through a cultural lens via the city’s vegan restaurants.
At a food safety summit in New Delhi, India’s health minister JP Nadda underscored the importance of building a regulatory framework for novel foods like cultivated meat.
The Indian government’s support for alternative proteins continues to shore up, with the country’s health minister highlighting the importance of regulatory reform for foods like cultivated meat.
Speaking at the Global Food Regulators Summit 2024 in New Delhi, JP Nadda commended the work of the Food Safety Standards and Authority of India (FSSAI) in the first 100 days of the new coalition administration, putting it in the context of a growing list of food safety advancements needed in India.
“We face a complex array of challenges, from persistent foodborne illness to emerging concerns such as new nutraceutical safety, novel foods, and the microplastics in our food chain, all while striving for sustainability,” said Nadda, the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare.
“In this dynamic environment, the role of food regulators has never been more crucial. This demands continuous collaboration, relentless innovation, and a commitment to constant improvement in our food safety systems,” he added.
India working on novel food regulatory framework
It’s still early doors for technologies like cell cultivation and precision fermentation in India, with only a handful of companies involved in these sectors at present.
But there have been a number of advancements in the last few months, propelled by the FSSAI’s work on developing a regulatory framework for these foods, which would allow companies to apply for and receive clearance to sell their products on the market.
Currently, the FSSAI categorises cultivated meat and precision-fermented foods as ‘non-specified’ products or ‘novel foods’, since they have no history of consumption in the country. But in March, it was reported that the food safety regulator was formulating a framework for these proteins, with a senior official saying: “We are working on drafting regulations for cultured meat products.”
Nadda said that the health ministry and the FSAI have been “playing a pivotal role in developing standards” in line with international trade, evolving food production processes, and changing consumption patterns.
“The rapid globalisation, technological advancements, and evolving consumer preferences are reshaping our food systems at an unprecedented pace,” he explained. “FSSAI has made remarkable strides in reviewing and developing new standards based on cutting-edge advancements in food technology.”
That said, while it is believed that cultivated meat will be regulated under the Approval of Non-Specified Food and Food Ingredients Regulations (NSF Regulations) by the FSSAI, there is currently no specific definition of cultivated meat or guidance provided under these rules.
The FSSAI had previously formed a Working Group on Cultured Meat with regulatory and scientific experts to study the possible regulatory pathways for cultivated meat in India, although experts say the framework needs to be more dynamic and align with ongoing innovations.
“Developing a regulatory framework that adapts to scientific advancements and is not rigid, but accommodates the innovations in this sector, would be essential to India setting an example for a dynamic and effective regulatory framework on cultivated meat,” Astha Gaur, regulatory policy specialist at alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute (GFI) India, told Green Queen in March.
Increasing government interest in alternative proteins
Courtesy: Umami Bioworks
Nadda’s comments – which also involved a focus on sustainable packaging – come just a month after India announced its BioE3 policy. The climate-focused bioeconomy strategy counted smart proteins and functional foods as one of its six pillars.
“By providing dedicated R&D and innovation support, the policy will accelerate the development of new technologies and processes that can pave the way towards the nutrition, price, and taste parity of smart protein products, making them a truly competitive alternative to their animal-derived counterparts,” GFI India acting managing director Sneha Singh told Green Queen at the time.
Announcing the country’s latest budget in July, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman said the government will set up 100 accredited food safety labs nationwide. Along similar lines, India has also set up a $5.9M National Research Foundation to expand research across sectors including food safety (Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke about lab-grown diamonds at its first board meeting).
Meanwhile, Bengaluru is host to two new alternative protein hubs. The Centre for Smart Protein and Sustainable Material Innovation is focused on incubation, equipment access, and product development, while the Alternative Proteins Innovation Center is an integrated R&D facility for ingredient and product development.
Singapore’s Umami Bioworks has partnered with the former to accelerate research and scalability of its cultivated seafood, while also setting up an R&D facility at the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology in Chennai. Fellow cultivated meat startup Neat Meatt Biotech – based in New Delhi – is working with the government’s ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute to develop cultivated fish too.
These advancements serve as proof that India has a burgeoning cultivated meat sector, but one that needs better consumer awareness. A 2023 survey revealed that the number of Indians familiar with the term (42%) was almost identical to those who weren’t (41%). And while 40% expressed interest in trying cultivated meat, a third of respondents “stayed neutral and didn’t answer the question”, highlighting the industry’s public perception challenges.
Nadda wasn’t the only national government official talking up novel foods last week. In the UK, science secretary Peter Kyle was asked about cultivated meat on Sunday. “I think it’s an exciting area of science. Britain is leading the way on its development,” he responded.
“The market would tell – we’re not going to force anyone to eat it. But let’s see whether this can contribute to the health of our nation, and help with the challenges of climate change. And for those people who have concerns about animal rights, then they may well offer something for them as well.”
The UK’s Food Standards Agency has announced it will implement changes to speed up and ‘modernise’ the authorisation process for novel foods. But experts say more needs to be done.
Next year, the UK’s food safety regulator will introduce changes to its regulatory framework for market authorisations in an attempt at “modernising” the process.
In its latest board meeting yesterday, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) ratified changes to the approval process for foods like cultivated meat and precision-fermented products. The move will see the creation of a new public register that replaces the existing system of requiring a statutory instrument, which adds up to six months to a process that already takes over two-and-a-half years.
Following a consultation with industry stakeholders and approval by the new Labour government, the regulator announced it hopes to roll out the reforms in early 2025.
The overhaul could benefit a range of food industry players and consumers while continuing to uphold the FSA’s rigorous safety standards. It also marks a departure from the EU-like regulations the agency had retained post-Brexit, which it said haven’t been designed to operate in a UK context.
“We hope British alternative protein companies will be reassured that the FSA is taking sensible steps to modernise its process while continuing to enforce a gold-standard regulatory system that can give consumers confidence in new products,” Linus Pardoe, UK policy manager at GFI Europe, told Green Queen.
But GFI Europe warned that the UK needs even more ambitious methods to keep up with the global pace, urging the government to draw on inspiration from other progressive regulatory frameworks internationally.
FSA proposals met with broad support
Courtesy: Food Standards Agency
The changes – which affect ‘regulated products’ like feed additives, food flavourings, and alternative proteins – were first proposed by the FSA in March.
The food regulator sought to remove renewal requirements for feed additives, and food or feed containing or produced from GMOs. Currently, products that have been approved need to reapply for clearance every 10 years, which crowds up the FSA’s docket. Around 22% of its current caseload are renewal applications, and it expects a further 300 in 2025 and 2026 as approvals expire.
“Removing the requirements for renewals will promote a more proactive and dynamic approach to maintaining food and feed safety,” the FSA commented, noting that it would mean applications in the system “decrease considerably, releasing resources to focus on new marketing authorisations, including innovative products”.
The second proposal revolved around the new public register. At the moment, the parliament needs to pass statutory instruments before a novel food can go on the market, which is a time-consuming process. The FSA suggested that the removal of this step would speed up approvals by three months, allowing products to be commercialised following a ministerial decision.
Both proposals received broad support from stakeholders, which included cultivated meat startups like Mosa Meat and Meatable – 71% agreed with the plan to scrap renewal requirements, while a similar 70% were in favour of removing the statutory instrument process.
“New UK government ministers have confirmed they are content to proceed with our two initial market authorisation reform proposals to remove renewal requirements for authorised regulated products and allow authorisations to come into effect following ministerial decisions,” the FSA said. “We are now prioritising delivery of this work.”
While the FSA will continue to conduct rigorous assessments of food safety with ministers the final decision-makers, it argued that the changes will release resources to focus on new authorisations: “Consumers will benefit from new, safe products reaching the market more quickly, including novel foods and products which have sustainability and environmental benefits.”
UK government must implement ‘wider-ranging measures’
The regulator has been pushing to move past the inherited EU legislation, which it said was transferred to the UK with minor amendments for operability. It called the EU requirements “prescriptive and, in some cases, not proportionate to the risk”.
Outlining how the caseload is expected to rise from 450 in March 2024 to 570 by March 2026.” Without urgent action, we will be unable to keep pace with this growing caseload. This will affect consumers’ choice and access to new and potentially beneficial products,” it said.
The regulator has also been hoping to win government funding that it would use to create a regulatory ‘sandbox’ for the safety testing of cultivated meat. Alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute (GFI) Europe – which has welcomed the FSA’s changes – is calling on ministers to approve this bid in next month’s budget. This would ensure “the body can accelerate its understanding of the food safety aspects of cultivated meat.”
“But to send a clear signal to startups, the FSA and UK government must quickly follow these initial steps with more wide-ranging measures to modernise our regulatory system, ensuring it keeps up with the rapid pace of innovation,” said Pardoe.
“The government should implement an ambitious range of reforms to modernise the UK’s novel foods regulatory framework, such as producing clear guidance for companies planning on submitting applications for cultivated meat and precision fermentation products and formalising a process for startups to enter pre-submission consultations,” he explained.
“They should also share information about risk assessments with trusted international partners and should follow the Dutch government by designing a system for pre-market tastings, enabling companies to work closely with consumers to develop products.”
The UK’s Food Standards Agency has announced it will implement changes to speed up and ‘modernise’ the authorisation process for novel foods. But experts say more needs to be done.
Next year, the UK’s food safety regulator will introduce changes to its regulatory framework for market authorisations in an attempt at “modernising” the process.
In its latest board meeting yesterday, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) ratified changes to the approval process for foods like cultivated meat and precision-fermented products. The move will see the creation of a new public register that replaces the existing system of requiring a statutory instrument, which adds up to six months to a process that already takes over two-and-a-half years.
Following a consultation with industry stakeholders and approval by the new Labour government, the regulator announced it hopes to roll out the reforms in early 2025.
The overhaul could benefit a range of food industry players and consumers while continuing to uphold the FSA’s rigorous safety standards. It also marks a departure from the EU-like regulations the agency had retained post-Brexit, which it said haven’t been designed to operate in a UK context.
“We hope British alternative protein companies will be reassured that the FSA is taking sensible steps to modernise its process while continuing to enforce a gold-standard regulatory system that can give consumers confidence in new products,” Linus Pardoe, UK policy manager at GFI Europe, told Green Queen.
But GFI Europe warned that the UK needs even more ambitious methods to keep up with the global pace, urging the government to draw on inspiration from other progressive regulatory frameworks internationally.
FSA proposals met with broad support
Courtesy: Food Standards Agency
The changes – which affect ‘regulated products’ like feed additives, food flavourings, and alternative proteins – were first proposed by the FSA in March.
The food regulator sought to remove renewal requirements for feed additives, and food or feed containing or produced from GMOs. Currently, products that have been approved need to reapply for clearance every 10 years, which crowds up the FSA’s docket. Around 22% of its current caseload are renewal applications, and it expects a further 300 in 2025 and 2026 as approvals expire.
“Removing the requirements for renewals will promote a more proactive and dynamic approach to maintaining food and feed safety,” the FSA commented, noting that it would mean applications in the system “decrease considerably, releasing resources to focus on new marketing authorisations, including innovative products”.
The second proposal revolved around the new public register. At the moment, the parliament needs to pass statutory instruments before a novel food can go on the market, which is a time-consuming process. The FSA suggested that the removal of this step would speed up approvals by three months, allowing products to be commercialised following a ministerial decision.
Both proposals received broad support from stakeholders, which included cultivated meat startups like Mosa Meat and Meatable – 71% agreed with the plan to scrap renewal requirements, while a similar 70% were in favour of removing the statutory instrument process.
“New UK government ministers have confirmed they are content to proceed with our two initial market authorisation reform proposals to remove renewal requirements for authorised regulated products and allow authorisations to come into effect following ministerial decisions,” the FSA said. “We are now prioritising delivery of this work.”
While the FSA will continue to conduct rigorous assessments of food safety with ministers the final decision-makers, it argued that the changes will release resources to focus on new authorisations: “Consumers will benefit from new, safe products reaching the market more quickly, including novel foods and products which have sustainability and environmental benefits.”
UK government must implement ‘wider-ranging measures’
The regulator has been pushing to move past the inherited EU legislation, which it said was transferred to the UK with minor amendments for operability. It called the EU requirements “prescriptive and, in some cases, not proportionate to the risk”.
Outlining how the caseload is expected to rise from 450 in March 2024 to 570 by March 2026.” Without urgent action, we will be unable to keep pace with this growing caseload. This will affect consumers’ choice and access to new and potentially beneficial products,” it said.
The regulator has also been hoping to win government funding that it would use to create a regulatory ‘sandbox’ for the safety testing of cultivated meat. Alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute (GFI) Europe – which has welcomed the FSA’s changes – is calling on ministers to approve this bid in next month’s budget. This would ensure “the body can accelerate its understanding of the food safety aspects of cultivated meat.”
“But to send a clear signal to startups, the FSA and UK government must quickly follow these initial steps with more wide-ranging measures to modernise our regulatory system, ensuring it keeps up with the rapid pace of innovation,” said Pardoe.
“The government should implement an ambitious range of reforms to modernise the UK’s novel foods regulatory framework, such as producing clear guidance for companies planning on submitting applications for cultivated meat and precision fermentation products and formalising a process for startups to enter pre-submission consultations,” he explained.
“They should also share information about risk assessments with trusted international partners and should follow the Dutch government by designing a system for pre-market tastings, enabling companies to work closely with consumers to develop products.”
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers Alpro’s new flavoured barista milk, vegan footwear wins, and Violife’s latest marketing campaign.
New products and launches
South Korean vegan cheesemaker Armored Fresh has announced that it will release a vegan grated parmesan made from oat milk in the US this fall.
Courtesy: Alpro/Green Queen
Alpro has released a 750ml caramel-flavoured barista milk made from soy and oats in the UK, which is available at Sainsbury’s for £1.75.
Another flavoured milk comes from Mighty, which has announced a Gingerbread Oat Barista milk as part of the UK’s annual tradition of releasing Christmas-themed products from September.
In more alt-dairy news, Cathedral City has added a Plant-Based Smokey cheese block to its lineup, which will be available at Tesco soon.
Courtesy: Beyond Belief Brewing Co
Also in the UK, Beyond Belief Brewing Co, a subsidiary of pasta supplier Ugo Foods, is launching a line of beers made using waste pasta in grocery, including a Pale Ale, IPA and Vienna Lager, which will be available at Ocado for £8.50-£8.75 this month.
Barefoot shoe maker Vivobarefoot has introduced the Gobi Sneaker Premium Canvas, a Vegan Society-certified sneaker made from 98% natural materials. Instead of plastic, the brand is using a bio-based alt-leather from Natural Fiber Welding called Mirum.
In more footwear news, sheepskin boot manufacturer Ugg has announced a vegan version of its signature shoe, partnering with New York label Collina Strada. The vegan Uggs are made from recycled polyester microfibre and corn leather, and are available in the UK on both brands’ websites.
Courtesy: Stroop Club
Texas-based startup Stroop Club has rolled out its vegan stroopwafels in Europe. Using sunflower oil and cacao fats, the products are available as two- or eight-packs at Ankorstore.com and Faire.com, and on its website.
Speaking of Dutch delights, plant-based giant Vivera has launched Protein Bites in the Netherlands, described as “plant-based meal enrichers” made from vegetables, grains and legumes. The whole-food product line is available in TexMex, Thai and Green flavours, and can be found at Albert Heijn, Jumbo and Plus stores.
Courtesy: Vivera
In the US, TiNDLE Foods‘ chicken tenders are now available on the menu of AI-driven meal kit and grocery solutions platform Hungryroot.
Meanwhile, Rich Products Corporation‘s F’real has debuted the first non-dairy edition of its DIY shakes, an oat-milk-based Choco Choco Chip flavour.
Plant protein company Havredals has expanded its fava bean meats on the US east cost through a distribution partnership with Performance Food Group.
Courtesy: Havredals
And Slovenia’s Juicy Marbles is also hoping to ‘steak’ a claim in the US with a 2025 supermarket launch for its whole-cut meat analogues. It’s working on a more accessible product line to widen its customer reach.
Finance and company updates
Plant-Ex Ingredients, a British supplier of plant-derived flavours, colours and extracts has raised £9M in funding from BGF to expand internationally, with the US a key focus market.
Canadian vegan meal replacement beverage maker Sperri has attracted new funding to spur its US expansion efforts. It has just entered the D2C channel via Amazon.
Swedish investor Kale United has announced a new €50M Kale Growth Fund for alternative protein startups.
Courtesy: MeliBio
Vegan honey maker MeliBio has been granted a utility patent in Germany, which it hopes will fuel its expansion in Europe.
Meanwhile, Copenhagen-based Meat Tomorrow, which is developing pluripotent stem cell lines for cultivated meat, has raised 4.1 million kroner ($610,000) to expand R&D efforts and establish partnerships.
As election season rages on in the US, vegan cheese giant Violife has debuted a new marketing campaign dubbed America Has Voted, after its product was voted the best dairy-free cream cheese. The company will take over bagel shops on election day (November 5) and offer samples in grocery store parking lots in Austin and Miami.
Courtesy: Violife
Givaudan‘s food innovation platform MISTA has chosen biomass fermentation as the central theme for the 2024 Growth Hack event.
Research and policy developments
As US lawmakers continue to find ways to try and ban cultivated meat, a federal judge in Florida has set a date for a hearing about the state’s ban on cultivated meat. In its lawsuit, Californian startup Upside Foods asked the court for a preliminary injunction, which Chief US District Judge Mark Walker will hear arguments for on October 7.
Courtesy: Kevin Martin Galante/Upside Foods
In a new research partnership, Indian cultivated meat startup ClearMeat will join forces with Melbourne’s La Trobe University under the Indo-Australian research corridor. It was announced as ClearMeat unveiled ClearX9, an FBS-free powdered growth medium.
Also in India, the Good Food Institute India and the state-owned CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology have signed a research agreement to advance the country’s alternative protein sector. The latter will provide scientific support and access to state-of-the-art labs and instrumentation facilities for GFI India’s research fellows.
If it manages to meet the taste and nutrition requirements, plant-based dairy could be 10% cheaper than cow’s milk by 2030, a new report shows.
Courtesy: William Shaw/National Trust
Finally, in the UK, conservation agency the National Trust is looking to make half of its food in cafes meatless as part of its net-zero pledge for 2030, with its 2.6 million members set to vote on the proposal. Around 40% of its current catering is plant-based.
In New Zealand, the government has poured NZ$9.6M ($5.95M) into a five-year programme to develop cultivated fish products.
A five-year, government-backed scheme is aiming to develop new fish cell production systems for cultivated seafood products in New Zealand.
The new Endeavour Fund programme is backed by a NZ$9.6M ($5.95M) grant from the central government, allowing Plant & Food Research to create novel seafood products in a local context.
Plant & Food Research is a state-owned research agency focused on futureproofing and enhancing the value of the horticulture, agriculture, fish, food and beverage industries. It noted that cultivated seafood could help New Zealand meet the global demand for more sustainable seafood and marine products (like collagen).
The project will also examine the social and cultural aspects linked with New Zealand’s acceptance of cultivated fish, including Māori perspectives and concerns with respect to taonga species (those that are significant to Māori culture, such as tuna, crayfish and mussels).
Researchers hope to create cultivated fish and collagen
Courtesy: Plant & Food Research
Plant & Food Research aims to “fundamentally change the way” cultivated fish cells are utilised to accelerate the industry’s progress, unlock new applications, and place New Zealand at the “technological forefront in cell line development and media formulation”.
The project will be led by Dr Georgina Dowd, the agency’s cellular aquaculture research lead. “There are so many applications for cell lines,” she said in 2022. “Preventing and monitoring disease is probably the biggest.”
She added: “It’s only a matter of time before one of the detrimental OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)-notifiable diseases arrives here and impacts our seafood industry. Unless we put systems and pipelines in place, we are really at risk.”
The research agency says cells must be viable and healthy, and multiply rapidly and in large numbers, while media must be defined, animal-free and sustainably produced. Existing fish cell lines and media, it argues, don’t meet these requirements.
While several companies are working on cultivated seafood – from Singapore’s Umami Bioworks to Germany’s Bluu Seafood – nobody has been able to commercialise it yet, a marker of the “unstable foundations” of seafood cellular agriculture and the technology’s lack of commercial viability, according to Plant & Food Research.
With the millions it has received from the government, Dowd’s team hopes to expand the knowledge around fish cell cultures and generate an in-depth understanding of their nutritional needs, leading to enhanced isolation and proliferation. Once the optimal culture requirements have been identified, it can develop natural nutrient sources for two applications: cultivated fish and cell-based collagen.
“It would be great if others could use continuous fish cell lines developed at Plant & Food Research as part of a fish health management strategy that doesn’t involve using whole animals,” Dowd said two years ago. “Or if our cell lines could be used to create lab-grown fish products for human consumption. They could help support a low-impact industry to share our kaimoana with the world.”
Why New Zealand’s seafood sector needs an overhaul
Courtesy: Kim Westerskov
The Plant & Food Research grant is part of the Endeavour Fund, an initiative by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment that has poured in NZ$236M ($146M) this year alone in 19 research programmes and 53 Smart Ideas, which aim to catalyse and test high-potential research innovations.
This included four Smart Idea projects from Plant & Food Research. One is focusing on developing methods for examining soil vulnerability to support sustainable soil management practices, another is looking into the microbiome of vineyards to control grapevine trunk diseases.
Yet another is centred upon investigating if silvervine compounds (a kiwi fruit species) can be used to control feral cat populations. And finally, one of these Smart Idea projects is aimed at developing an epigenetic clock to support the sustainable management of pāua (sea snails) fisheries.
New Zealand’s aquaculture industry is hoping to quadruple sales by 2035, but climate change and rising sea temperatures could result in the loss of millions for the sector. Experts suggest that the impact of overfishing on the country’s fishing trade has been understated.
Just last year, the country’s bottom-trawling industry came under fire after a government-commissioned report focused on the seabed around Aotearoa named the practice one of the biggest threats to releasing carbon from the seabed back into ocean waters. Concerns over stock management also led Seafood NZ to suspend the Marine Stewardship Council certification for orange roughy, blocking exports of the fish to most parts of Europe and North America.
Consumers recognise the impact of climate change on the fishing industry, and vice-versa. A recent 22,000-person global survey found that 30% of people have been eating less seafood in the last two years, with nearly half (48%) concerned about overfishing and 35% worried about climate change impacts.
Over 80% of people have changed their dietary habits in this period, and 43% are doing so for sustainability reasons, highlighting the importance of investments in projects like Plant & Food Research is undertaking.
It’s also an untapped market in New Zealand – only one local company (Opo Bio) is working on cultivated meat, but it focuses on red meat. That said, New Zealanders may be about to get a first taste of cultivated meat, with Australian startup Vow on the verge of receiving clearance from the countries’ joint regulator.
Israeli cultivated meat pioneer Aleph Farms is gearing up for the restaurant launch of its beef steaks through a partnership with Michelin-starred chef Eyal Shani.
At the tail-end of last year, Aleph Farms became the third company to receive regulatory approval for cultivated meat anywhere in the world, with Israel clearing its Black Angus Petit Steak for sale in the country.
Now, nine months on, the launch of the product – under its Aleph Cuts line – is closer than ever, thanks to a collaboration with Eyal Shani, the celebrity chef behind the restaurant chain Miznon.
“Together with Eyal Shani, we will debut Aleph Cuts through a series of thoughtfully curated dining experiences in Israel,” an Aleph Farms spokesperson told Green Queen.
Shani is joining the company as an investor and launch partner, helping it introduce its cultivated beef via roaming dining experiences. But it remains to be seen which of Shani’s eateries debuts the product, and when.
“Eyal’s dedication to using the finest ingredients and raw materials elevates our new category of animal products, ensuring that it is not only sustainable but also of exceptional quality,” said Aleph Farms co-founder and CEO Didier Toubia. “His innovative spirit and focus on connecting people through food make him an invaluable partner as we launch Aleph Cuts globally.”
Eyal Shani makes the argument for cultivated meat
Courtesy: Aleph Farms
A self-proclaimed “re-enchanter” of Israeli cuisine, Shani owns 17 restaurants in Tel Aviv alone, and a total of around 50 globally, from Port Said and Romano to HaSalon. His culinary footprint is spread across the world, including the US, the UK, France, Singapore and Australia. And Shmoné, his New York City eatery, won a Michelin star last year.
“I was born into a vegan family and, until the age of five, was fed only plants and roots. Almost 60 years have passed and today, I have over 50 restaurants across six continents, and I serve meat in all of them. I ask myself constantly: what am I bequeathing to the world?” said Shani.
“Aleph Farms has given me the opportunity to bequeath a future that avoids causing suffering to billions of animals, in which people will be one with nature and not harm it, in which Aleph Cuts are more wonderful than the meat we know today and is so without killing a single animal, and in which our happiness does not require that the animals with which we share the world feel pain,” he added.
The Petit Steak is a hybrid meat product comprising non-modified, non-immortalised cells of a premium Black Angus cow, combined with a plant protein matrix made of soy and wheat. It will be priced similarly to premium beef, the company confirmed.
Before it launches, though, Aleph Farms needs to clear some regulatory hurdles, including the Good Manufacturing Practices assessment for its production plant. “We still need to do the GMP inspection for our pilot facility in Israel and follow the labelling guidelines in Israel before launching with Eyal Shani,” the spokesperson said.
“Before Aleph Cuts become a staple on restaurant menus, it’s important for us to receive feedback from consumers in the initial phase of our launch,” they added. Aleph Farms has previously outlined a long-term goal of making its cultivated beef available in supermarkets.
Aleph Farms in ‘active discussions’ with investors
Courtesy: Aleph Farms
The partnership with Shani comes months after Aleph Farms laid off 30% of its local employees as part of its “asset-light” approach towards scaling up. “We are maintaining R&D and production in Israel while expanding globally through co-manufacturers,” the firm said at the time. “We care for all affected employees and will be supporting them in the new job search.”
There were suggestions that difficulties in securing fresh capital also played a part in the decision. Aleph Farms has raised $118M in funding so far, with its last round coming in 2022. But the wider fundraising struggles of alternative protein and the geopolitical tension with the Israel-Hamas war have impeded its efforts to secure more money.
“We are in active discussions with potential investors who are aligned with our mission,” the spokesperson said, highlighting that the recent changes have been “challenging” but in line with its “capital-efficient, asset-light scale-up approach”.
“Our primary operational focus is on enhancing robust scale-up capabilities for our production process at our pilot production facility in Israel, as well as in Southeast Asia with our partners – a pivotal region for our hub-and-spoke expansion strategy,” they added.
Aside from its pilot plant in Rehovot, Israel, Aleph Farms has entered a partnership to produce cultivated meat in Thailand, and teamed up with a biotech startup to leverage AI to reduce costs and enable scalability. It has previously also acquired a manufacturing facility in Modi’in, and signed a deal with ESCO Aster in Singapore (the world’s first approved industrial manufacturer for cultivated meat).
The startup has additionally filed for regulatory approval in Singapore, Switzerland, the UK and the US, and is looking to do so in other markets too. “Our team has been advancing our regulatory paths towards launch in various countries while responding to queries and submitting data to authorities worldwide,” the representative said.
Following Israel, the company is planning launches in Singapore and Thailand, before expanding into Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, China and Australia. “We want to ensure that we first build the right production and sales support capabilities to ensure steady supply over time, and continuous revenue increase for a successful launch of our products.”
The culture wars over cultivated meat continue, with a House Representative in Illinois introducing a bill to ban these foods in the state.
And it goes on.
Two months after Florida’s ban on cultivated meat came into effect, and a month before one goes live in Alabama, Illinois has joined a number of other states to try and outlaw these proteins.
House Representative Chris Miller, a third-generation cattle farmer, has introduced HB 5872, a bill to make the sale, manufacture or distribution of cultivated meat a Class C misdemeanour.
It means that if you sell cultivated meat, you’ll be treated the same way as you would if you possessed less than 2.5g of marijuana, assaulted someone, or left a firearm in your house that could easily be accessed by a minor. The penalty can result in 30 days of jail time, and/or $1,500 in fines.
“Agriculture is big business in Illinois, and we don’t need fake meat laboratories creating a highly expensive product that tries to replicate real meat,” said Miller. “Illinois farmers know what they’re doing, and they do it well.”
Rep Miller relies on misinformation to back bill
Courtesy: Representative Chris Miller/Facebook
Miller’s bill, which hasn’t been referred to any of the committees yet, calls cultivated meat “a threat to the health, safety, and welfare” of Illinois residents.
A press release on the Representative’s website explains that HB 5872 was introduced as a response to “growing concerns from the notion of replacing real meat with laboratories”, and argued that it would protect “individual’s health, farmland, and agricultural products”.
Let’s break that down. First, cultivated meat poses no health risks – if it did, the USDA and the FDA wouldn’t have deemed it safe to be sold for human consumption, as they did for Upside Foods’ and Eat Just’s chicken products last year. In fact, cultivated meat takes away any concerns about antibiotics or bacterial contamination (like E coli).
Next, to make cultivated meat, you need sugars, minerals, and other inputs, which are agricultural products. Andy Jarvis, director of the Bezos Earth Fund’s Future of Food initiative, told Green Queen in June: “This is not an anti-farmer sector; this is a sector that is using farmed products in new ways.”
And finally, the claim that this is a threat to farmland is laughable at best – research has shown that if produced by renewable energy, cultivated meat uses 90% less land than conventional beef. It has also been found to be three times more efficient at turning crops into meat than even the “most efficient” livestock.
“The ideology behind cultivating animal cells to improve carbon emissions is mind-blowing,” said Miller, with complete disregard for the misinformation he was spewing. Explaining how cultivated meat is made, his announcement took inspiration from an account of Upside Foods’ process by Wired. The publication revealed that instead of producing its meat in bioreactors, the Californian startup was at the time primarily relying on plastic roller bottles.
Miller, however, contorted the two to say that cultivated meat is produced in bioreactors, and employees “grow sheets of tissue in plastic flasks, called roller bottles, and combine them to create larger pieces of chicken or beef”. He’s also using one company’s process as a yardstick for the entire industry.
It highlights a startling reality: policymakers are trying to suppress consumer choice by outlawing food without actually knowing how it’s truly made. Alabama’s bill was also similarly built on misinformation.
It’s all about politics
Courtesy: Upside Foods
“Here in Illinois, farmers work hard to raise cattle and produce some of the finest meat on the market,” said Miller. In January alone, a local company recalled nearly 7,000 lbs of raw ground beef thought to be contaminated with E. coli.
“My legislation would protect farmers and the high-quality products they help produce to feed families across the nation,” Miller added, regurgitating an argument made by almost everyone who’s tried to ban cultivated meat.
Legal challenges against cultivated meat have become a trend in the US, particularly among Republicans. But for all the talk about protecting the state’s animal agriculture industry, most of these efforts come from legislators who themselves are livestock farmers, or belong to a family of meat producers. So really, they’re looking out for themselves.
Only last week, Nebraska Governor Jim Pillen signed an executive order prohibiting state agencies from procuring cultivated meat, ordering contractors to not discriminate against conventional meat producers, and calling for restrictions on how cultivated meat is labelled in stores – despite it never appearing on any supermarket shelf in the US.
Pillen, part of a pork family empire in Nebraska, now wants to ban cultivated meat in the 2025 legislative session. Similar efforts are ongoing in Arizona, Kentucky, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia.
Illinois was set to be the site for Upside Foods’ industrial-scale manufacturing plant before the project was put on pause. But now, the company has sued Florida for its ban, calling it unconstitutional. Whether such pushback would deter Miller – who has previously been censured by his colleagues for attending Donald Trump’s rally that preceded January 6 – only time will tell.
But as November 5 draws closer, Donald Trump incoherently tries to talk about plant-based bacon, and his running mate JD Vance denounces ‘soy boys’, the Republican strategy seems to be clear: nothing is more American than red meat, no matter how bad it is for you or the planet.
Let’s cut the crap and call these bans what they really are: political stunts hoping to sway voters with misinformation and no regard for their own freedom to choose what they eat.
Nebraska Senator Barry DeKay has introduced a bill to ban cultivated meat in 2025, months after Governor Jim Pillen signed an executive order to take this action.
Editor’s Note: This article was amended on 17 January 2025 to reflect that the bill has been introduced. Our previous reporting focused on Governor Pillen signing an executive order.
Despite Ron DeSantis’ Florida being sued for banning cultivated meat, his Nebraskan counterpart remains unfazed, initiating a “a full-blown attack on lab-grown meats and fake meat”.
Those were governor Jim Pillen’s words in August, after signing an executive order putting several restrictions on cultivated meat, and announcing his intention to ban these products in this year’s legislative session.
Now, Senator Barry DeKay has brought forward a bill to keep cultivated meat from being manufactured, distributed, or sold in Nebraska, requiring these proteins to be labelled as “adulterated food products” under the Pure Food Act.
“There are clear, recognised benefits of meat as a source of protein. It is uncertain whether manufactured meat protein is a substitute for natural meat sources as essential dietary needs. I question elevating lab meat to a level of equivalency with real meat,“ claimed DeKay.
“Until or unless there are clear labelling rules that adequately disclose that cultured meat is not real meat, its sale allows lab meats to unfairly benefit from industry investments in marketing and production,” he added.
“What’s more, this industry is supported by organisations that want to do away with animal production in Nebraska and the United States. This is part of the process that we’re going to go through to make sure our way of life, our livestock, and our product that we can put on the dinner table stays intact going forward.”
Pillen, meanwhile, did not mince his words. “It’s important we get on the offense so that Nebraska farmers and ranchers are not undermined. Our job is to protect consumers, grow agriculture and defend agriculture,” he said.
Courtesy: Governor Jim Pillen
Nebraska governor takes jibe at Bill Gates
The effort goes back to August when Pillen introduced the executive order at Oak Barn Beef, a family-owned meat shop in West Point.
The governor was flanked by the owner of the store, a livestock farmer running for office, and the head of the state’s agricultural department (whose family owns a beef farm), when he approved three measures to protect animal agriculture from the “extraordinary, crazy views out there that there’s going to be different ways to feed the planet”.
And he took a jibe at Bill Gates, who has invested in a number of alternative protein companies, including California’s Upside Foods, the plaintiff in the lawsuit against Florida. “There’s a guy that made some money in building computers. He needs to stay in the computer space and knock this stuff off thinking that he’s going to promote lab-grown meat. He’s lost his brains,” said Pillen.
“We’re being proactive and making sure that silly things aren’t happening, because they are happening on the coasts,” Pillen added. Last year, two restaurants – one on each coast – were serving cultivated meat, after Upside Foods and fellow Californian startup Eat Just received approval from the USDA and FDA.
The governor, whose family owns a major pork farm in the state, was very forceful in his wording. “If there are Nebraskans that want to buy lab-grown meat, good for them. They’re just not going to do it in Nebraska,” he said.
Nebraska Secretary of State Bob Evnen received and signed the executive order in August, officially putting it into effect. And now, DeKay has followed through on the intention to outlaw cultivated meat.
How Nebraska’s executive order stifles cultivated meat
Courtesy: Governor Jim Pillen/X
Pillen announced three separate measures to block the progress of the cultivated meat industry. First, he has prohibited state agencies from procuring these proteins
Then, he has mandated state contractors to ensure they don’t “discriminate against natural-meat producers” in favour of alternative proteins.
And finally, he’s asked the agriculture department to make a rule that requires any cultivated meat sold in stores to be clearly labelled separately and placed away from what he called “real meat”. For the record, cultivated meat uses cells from real animals, so it is ‘real meat’ – just, you know, without the slaughter and the pollution and the land use and the water consumption.
Sherry Vinton, the aforementioned director of the agriculture department, said her agency will develop standards to determine when alternative proteins – including plant-based meats – are being falsely labelled or misadvertised. If that sounds familiar, it’s because it is.
“Without these regulations, people can be misled, they can be deceived into buying a product that they didn’t intend on buying,” she said. Some would say that’s insulting people’s intelligence.
“We are going to get very aggressive and make sure Nebraskans are not going to get confused by how meat is labelled,” Pillen said. “People are not going to be able to come into Nebraska and sell product that has meat on it that’s not meat.”
The executive order suggested that blended meats – which combine conventionally raised meat with plant-based ingredients or cultivated cells – “have the potential to confuse consumers”.
But to the contrary, peer-reviewed research has shown that when produced using renewable energy, cultivated meat can account for 92% fewer emissions, 94% less air pollution, and 90% less land use than conventional beef. Another study estimated that a shift to cellular agriculture combined with green energy could cut annual emissions by 52% and reduce the amount of land used by traditional farming methods by 83%.
A familiar – and tired – rhetoric
Courtesy: EPA
Pillen said that 95% of livestock producers in Nebraska are family-owned, and that he wants to keep it that way. This is the same rhetoric used by DeSantis as well as Alabama governor Kay Ivey, whose state has also banned cultivated meat (which will come into effect on October 1).
Nebraska’s lawmakers are aims to follow in his fellow Republicans’ footsteps. The governor promised to reciprocate this legislation in his state in May – when the bans by Florida and Alabama were announced.
“The fake-meat, petri-dish-meat folks, they’re not going to have a place in Nebraska, just mark that down on your calendar,” he said at the time. “It’s time for us to roll up our sleeves and fight and defend Nebraska, and that’s what we’re doing.”
In August, when signing the executive order, Pillen said he’ll ask policymakers to propose and prioritise a ban on cultivated meat next year. “We can etch it in stone so nobody has a chance,” he suggested, calling these proteins “an attack on our values”.
“We are the beef state,” he added. The problem is, agriculture is the largest source of Nebraska’s emissions, contributing to 42% of the state’s climate footprint, according to the US EPA. And beef production alone accounts for 55% of this share, and 23.7% of the state’s overall emissions.
That seemingly doesn’t faze Pillen. “Nebraska farmers and ranchers, like those here today, are committed to producing the best food products anywhere,” he said. “We feed the world, and we save the planet more effectively and more efficiently than anybody else, and I will defend those practices with my last breath.”
But this idea that cultivated meat is a threat to farmers is a fallacy. As Andy Jarvis, director of the Bezos Earth Fund’s Future of Food scheme, told Green Queen in June: “Everyone gets kind of very nervous about cultivated [meat]… thinking that it’s completely detached from farming. Well, the [culture] media are sugars, and all sorts of minerals and things that are coming from crops, and they’re farmed goods.”
He added: “So this is not an anti-farmer sector; this is a sector that is using farmed products in new ways. And generally using farmed products that are more profitable and highly sustainable in the way they’re produced.”
Nebraska leaders miss the irony
Courtesy: Jim Pillen for Governor
Lawmakers in Arizona, Kentucky, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia have all introduced similar proposals to thwart cultivated meat. As Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti put it, these types of bans are “a harbinger of what might come when a small set of people try to make laws and rules” on what Americans can eat.
So it makes it even more depressingly funny that Jeanne Reigle, the legislative candidate supporting Pillen at the signing, said – completely unironically – that what keeps her up at night and makes her fear for American children’s future is that the “government could get involved and have more control over this new so-called ‘food’”.
As for Pillen, it’s unclear whether he really feels so deeply about this issue, or it’s more a PR stunt – after all, it’s become almost fashionable in Republican states to restrict new businesses hoping to find a way to feed America when meat inevitably goes into short supply. Given Republicans’ staggering lack of belief in climate change or willingness to embrace cultivated meat, this is nothing new.
But the Nebaraska governor wants it to be. He wants you to know that this is “a big deal”. Whether a ban actually happens – or any such bills die down eventually – only time will tell.
Should Pillen really be focusing on products that have never been sold in Nebraska and wouldn’t have for quite a few years anyway? Or should he be putting his energy into reducing the dangerously high nitrate levels in his hog farm’s water supply, which would also protect the health of the farmers and consumers he says he cares about?
Instead of feeding peanut shells to livestock, we can upcycle them to make high-fibre meat analogues and growth components for cultivated meat, while cutting down on food waste.
Did you know that you can eat peanut shells? Better yet, were you aware that you can make planet-friendly meat from them?
That’s what scientists from the US are proposing, in a move they say can cut food waste, promote human health, boost food security and farm economies, reduce emissions, and thus meet several Sustainable Development Goals.
In a review published in the Frontiers journal, researchers outline how about 22% of the 46 million tonnes of peanuts produced annually is waste from the shells, resulting in a loss of over 6.5 million tonnes of dietary fibre and 595,000 tonnes of plant protein.
While peanut shells are most commonly upcycled into animal feed, a dry complete material for packaging and industrial fillers, and potentially biofuel, the study suggests that this is a “missed opportunity” since these hulls are edible to humans. It proposes methods to recapture nutrients (like protein and fibre) and process these hulls into functional ingredients for a variety of foods, including plant-based and cultivated meats.
The nutritional and food security potential of peanut shells
Courtesy: Frontiers
The scientists argue that the valorisation of peanut byproducts would significantly increase the amount of food available from current land, water and energy use, addressing hunger and benefitting farmers (who could sell the shells at a premium compared to low-cost animal feed).
Most of the greenhouse gas emissions from peanut production come from on-farm activities, and the hulls alone represent a quarter of the potential energy output. But overall, these groundnuts generate 97% fewer emissions per kg than beef, and use up 97% less land too – so using the shells to produce food for human consumption illustrates a highly sustainable way to increase food security.
Peanut shells have several nutritional advantages, according to the study. They’re a rich source of dietary fibre (making up over 60% of their dry weight) and protein (7%), alongside plant-sourced phytonutrients like polyphenols and flavonoids. This includes the anti-inflammatory flavonoid luteolin, which has been used as a source of bioactive in medicines and nutritional supplements.
The scientists cite research showing the potential of extracts derived from peanut hulls in cancer and hypertension treatments, pain management, displaying anti-diabetic properties, and reducing pathogen activity in food applications.
“The advances in the evidence about these compounds have led to widespread production of extracts from peanut hulls frequently used in pharmaceuticals in most global regions,” the study states.
However, peanut shell flour isn’t currently processed anywhere in the world, according to the researchers, and this presents an opportunity for health experts and food manufacturers. Once consumers accept it as an ingredient, adding it to foodstuffs can reduce production costs and food insecurity in at-risk regions, many of which overlap with peanut-growing areas.
Shells and husks of hazelnuts, almonds and walnuts are already being used as fibre- and protein-rich flours. But peanuts are grown in substantially larger volumes, and their shells have a much larger absolute amount of protein, fibre and nutrients than hazelnut or almond hulls. Still, no patents exist for processing peanut shells for human food uses, rendering it a market ripe for innovation.
Reimagining peanut shells as a future food
Courtesy: Patcharapon’s Images/Sissyartsy
Just as almond and hazelnut flours have been utilised in baking and snacking applications, peanut hull flour can also be used to make breads, cookies, crackers, and biscuits. Fibre-rich flours from these shells can enhance baking textures due to strong binding capacity and higher water absorption. Common foods like stews and gravies can also benefit from peanut shell flour.
One interesting use case comes from the hydrolysation of peanut hull flour, which is used to extract lignans (a group of polyphenols). What’s left over is cellulose, which can be processed into a substitute for methylcellulose. This is a commonly used emulsifier, thickener, and binding agent in plant-based meats.
The targeted activation of proteins could unlock properties associated with cellulose additives, better utilising peanut shells and improving the cost efficiency of upcycling them, while also providing greater culinary versatility and an enhanced nutritional profile with fewer overall processing demands.
Meanwhile, these shells also have a high concentration of branch-chain amino acids, some of which are associated with umami flavours, especially grilled and aged meats. Plus, they can be processed in a similar way to pea protein, whose large demand is set to outsize production capacities.
“Recapturing lost protein from an alternative legume source like PHs could provide an additional source to meet that demand while increasing the efficiency of existing production systems,” says the study. Due to the retained fibre and carbohydrate content, the final sale volumes could be 20% larger than pea protein, if aiming for similar concentrations.
These peanut shell protein concentrates can have multiple applications, from a mildly peanut-flavoured protein supplement for drinks and powder, to a protein base for plant-based meat and dairy products.
Notably, they can be used as a replacement for other plant proteins in serum-free growth media, bio-ink, and structural scaffolding components of cultivated meat, important at a time when the industry is working to reduce costs through culture media innovations.
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers Chile’s vegan ads with Joaquin Phoenix, Maison Landemaine’s La Vie sandwiches, and Helaina’s animal-free lactoferrin study.
New products and launches
A new vegan brand is on the market. Spain’s Beanstalk Foods has entered the European market with a range of meat analogues like hamburgers, meatballs, pastrami, breaded calamari, as well as ambient salami and chorizo snacks. It will start with Spain and the UK, and has a sister company in New York for a US launch.
Courtesy: Beanstalk Foods
South Korean vegan cheese brand Armored Fresh has expanded its distribution footprint with KeHe Distributors, with its products now available nationwide for retailers in the US.
Israeli vegan meal kit producer Anina Culinary Art, whose products feature upcycled vegetables in dehydrated discs, has now launched nationwide in the US with its new online store.
German chocolate giant Ritter Sport is adding a new Vegan Double Crunch flavour to its Travel Retail Edition Vegan Tower in January. The range will be showcased at the TFWA World Exhibition in Cannes (September 30 to October 3).
Courtesy: La Vie/Beanstalk Foods/Fundación Veg
Parisian bakery chain Maison Landemaine has introduced two sandwiches using La Vie‘s plant-based meats: a vegetarian croque monsieur with ham and a vegan club sandwich with bacon.
Speaking of bacon, the UK’s Squeaky Bean has introduced ready-to-eat Crispy Bacon Style Strips, described as a first-to-market vegan alternative.
In Chile, Fundación Veg has launched a new campaign in Santiago Metro to promote plant-based eating during the Fiestas Patrias (September 18-19), with an animal-welfare-centric painting of actor Joaquin Phoenix by local artist Fab Ciraolo.
Courtesy: Pythag Tech
New York-based Pythag Tech, a software provider focused on cultivated meat, has unveiled The Clean Meat Terminal, a market intelligence platform for investors, companies, consultants and researchers with news, regulatory information, a company database, and more.
In Hong Kong, The White Owl Group has opened a new joint location for its plant-forwardMaya Bakery and The Cakery at the IFC Mall in the city’s Central district.
KFC China partnered with famed Shanghai vegan eatery Spring Breeze Songyuelou to introduce plant-based steamed buns on its breakfast menu.
And in India, cricketer Virat Kohli and actress Anushka Sharma (who are married) have appeared in a new ad campaign for plant-based meat brand Blue Tribe.
Research and policy developments
The Good Food Institute has released a report on investment in the alternative protein space, advising companies on where to target fundraising efforts amid a global squeeze in food tech financing.
Courtesy: Helaina
New York-based precision fermentation player Helaina has released a pre-print, non-peer-reviewed study, which found that its animal-free lactoferrin had a lower immunogenic response than the bovine version.
In the UK’s Slough Borough Council, a trial to collect food waste using dedicated caddies from residents in five areas has saved the council more than £3,000.
Courtesy: Chinese Nutrition Society/Dao Foods
During China’s National Nutrition Week 2024, the Chinese Nutrition Society promoted soy and legume consumption, with one event focusing on soy milk’s nutrition and releasing a white paper around guidelines and recommended intakes.
Events and awards
The Good Food Institute has unveiled the latest cohort of its student-focused Alt Protein Project, with 21 new chapters part of its fifth year.
Manufacturers, startups, investors, suppliers and scientists will gather at ProVeg International‘s New Food Conference in Berlin on September 3, where they’ll examine the current state of plant-based foods and best supply chain practices, as consumers reach a “societal tipping point”.
Courtesy: Solar Foods
Finally, Finnish startup Solar Foods, which makes Solein protein from air, has won the international Phase 3 category in NASA‘s Deep Space Food Challenge.
California’s Mission Barns has developed a novel bioreactor that is easy to scale and can lower the cost of cultivated meat, with regulatory approval imminent ahead of its planned market launch.
Moving away from the conventional single-cell suspension reactors of the biopharma sector, Mission Barns is hoping to solve cultivated meat’s scalability and cost problems with a novel solution.
The Californian startup is working on a cultivated pork fat called Mission Fat, which is meant to be mixed with plant-based proteins and ingredients to make hybrid meat products like bacon, pepperoni and chorizo.
Founded in 2018 by Eat Just alum Eitan Fischer, Mission Barns plans to launch these products in both foodservice and retail channels once it receives regulatory approval, for which it has filed dossiers in several countries. But to meet the market demand for cultivated meat, the company (and the industry) needs to solve two major bottlenecks: production capacity and price.
To get there, the startup has eschewed conventional bioreactors to develop a novel machine that’s more efficient, easier to scale, and ends up with a cheaper final product.
“We have different sizes of our proprietary bioreactors, ranging from R&D-scale units for experiments and optimisation, to our largest scale which is currently at pilot scale,” explains Bianca Lê, technical affairs and growth principal at Mission Barns.
The problem with using pharmaceutical bioreactors for cultivated meat
Courtesy: Mission Barns/LinkedIn
For Mission Barns, the need for a better bioreactor solution stemmed from the fact that a lot of the biotechnology used to make biopharmaceuticals isn’t purpose-built for cultivated meat.
There are inherent differences between the two: the per-tonne demand for cultivated meat is seven times higher than for biopharma drugs produced from mammalian cell cultures; the accepted ideal costs for the former is around $5-10 per kg, versus $500,000-1M for the latter; and people have more concerns about GMOs in food than in medicines.
“Bioreactors are vessels designed to grow cells. They’ve historically been designed to produce products for the biopharmaceutical industry,” Lê tells Green Queen. “We’ve invented a novel bioreactor that allows us to scale the production of cultivated meat, whether it’s pork, beef, or chicken, or fat or muscle.”
Most cultivated meat producers use bioreactors that support single-cell suspension, as these are readily available at larger scales. But to produce cell cultures this way, companies need to genetically modify anchorage-dependant cells (those that need something to attach to) so they can grow in suspension liquids.
“Meat is made up of muscle and fat cells embedded within a protein scaffold that provides structure and texture,” explains Lê. “These anchorage-dependent cells are called ‘adherent cells’ because they need to attach (or adhere) to this scaffold in order to grow. This is in contrast to cells that are able to freely float and grow whilst suspended in liquid (called ‘suspension cells’).”
Mission Barnes argues that existing suspension culture bioreactors aren’t effective in making non-GM cultivated muscle or fat, while commercially available adherent culture bioreactors only exist at small to medium scales due to a lack of market demand.
“Rather than changing the meat cells to suit a suspension culture bioreactor, our bioreactor recreates the same adherent growth conditions inside an animal’s body,” says Lê.
The mission behind the novel bioreactors
Courtesy: Mission Barns
For the new bioreactors, Mission Barns wanted to meet four key design specifications that outperform current options (whether suspension or adherent), with the aim of achieving high production capacities at low costs.
First, the company wanted to “efficiently grow and harvest meat cells (which are anchorage-dependent) from any species, using less space than existing harvestable adherent bioreactors”, outlines Lê. Then, it aimed to bypass the lengthy development process required for new cell lines to adapt to existing bioreactor environments.
The new machine also needed to be able to easily “mature muscle and fat cells, taking into account changes in geometry, density, and buoyancy”. And finally, the startup wanted the bioreactors to “produce whole-cut tissue products within a single vessel, eliminating the need for separate tissue production equipment”.
“We have successfully developed a bioreactor that meets these specifications, allowing us to cultivate both muscle and fat cells, or tissue, from any species,” says Lê.
“Our innovative adherent approach enables us to focus on engineering a single system – the bioreactor – instead of having to modify and adapt different cell types to work with existing bioreactors like suspension bioreactors. This makes the process more efficient and straightforward.”
Mission Barnes has additionally developed fully chemically defined and animal-free culture media, non-GM pork cell lines that can differentiate fat and proliferate quickly, and food-grade, cheap process reagents and substrates for coating, washing, and harvesting.
With partners lined up, Mission Barns expects US approval soon
Courtesy: Mission Barns
“At this pre-market stage, our primary focus is on bioprocess optimisation,” says Lê. The startup’s bioreactor is already in its third iteration, which is over 500 times larger than the initial prototypes.
Now, it is planning a larger-scale manufacturing facility. “Our current plan involves having bioreactors with working volumes in the tens of thousands of litres at commercial scale, when we’ll be outputting tens of millions of pounds of final product per year,” she adds.
Mission Barns, which has so far raised $60M, conducted a techno-economic analysis of this future facility, finding that with continued tech advancements – such as efficient media use, innovative scale-up, and an optimised supply chain for raw materials – it could reduce costs to reach price parity with conventional pork.
Asked about the regulatory progress, Lê reveals that Mission Barns is “actively working with regulators around the world” to bring its products to market “in a way that can assure consumers of its safety and high quality standards”.
“We’ve already completed a comprehensive safety assessment of our cultivated pork, and expect the agencies to publicly agree with our assessment soon, including the US,” she says.
The current pilot plant facility “can produce enough product to supply a handful of restaurants and retailers”. This would help with the initial market launch, as Lê points out: “We have a number of exciting partnerships confirmed with major US grocery stores, restaurants and food distributors who we have partnered with to sell our products.”
A breakthrough study explores how continuous manufacturing can solve the scalability challenges of cultivated chicken and bring prices down to $6 per lb.
If you speak to anybody from the cultivated meat sector – be it a startup founder, an investor, or a think tank expert – most of them will likely tell you that scalability and costs are the two biggest bottlenecks of the industry’s progress.
As it stands, there’s simply not enough infrastructure to make cultivated meat in batches that will drive costs closer to conventional meat. According to McKinsey, startups in this space would need over 17 times the fermentation capacity that currently exists in the global pharmaceutical industry to meet the growth demands of the industry.
The consulting giant further states that it’ll take until at least 2030 for these proteins to reach price parity, and this is despite companies having brought down costs by 99% in less than a decade. One investor told Reuters that these products need to reach manufacturing costs of $2.92 per pound to be price-competitive with conventional meat.
Now, a new study by Israel’s Believer Meats and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI) demonstrates how cultivated meat can be produced in a manner that is cost-effective, describing it as a potential “breakthrough” for the industry.
Published in the Nature Food journal, the research is based on a technology called tangential flow filtration (TFF) – an efficient way to separate and purify biomolecules – for the continuous manufacturing of cultivated meat. It can potentially bring down the cost of producing cultivated chicken to $6.20 per pound, in line with the retail price of conventional organic chicken.
For context, the only cultivated meat currently found in supermarkets, Good Meat’s chicken, has a retail price equivalent to over $20 per pound – and cultivated cells only make up 3% of the product.
Empirical study paves the way for accessible cultivated meat
Courtesy: Nahmias Lab
Believer Meats founder Yaakov Nahmias and researchers from HUJI took inspiration from how Ford’s automated assembly line transformed the auto industry in the early 20th century.
They leveraged a new bioreactor assembly method (enabled by the TFF technique) to allow biomass expansion of 130 billion cells per litre, with a yield of 43% weight per volume. This process of cultivated the chicken cells was carried out continuously for over 20 days, leading to daily harvests of the biomass.
The study also introduced an animal-free culture medium that cost only $0.63 per litre, supporting the long-term, high-density culture of chicken cells. Culture media represent the bulk of the costs of cultivated meat production, and can cost hundreds of dollars.
Using this empirical data, the researchers conducted a techno-economic analysis of a hypothetical 50,000-litre production facility, which resulted in the aforementioned $6.20 per lb figure for cultivated chicken.
“Empirical data is the bedrock for any cost model of scaled cultivated meat production, and this study is the first to provide real-world empirical evidence for key factors that influence the cost of production, such as media cost, metabolic efficiency, and achievable yields in a scalable bioprocess design,” said Elliot Swartz, principal cultivated meat scientist at alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute.
“Our findings show that continuous manufacturing enables cultivated meat production at a fraction of current costs, without resorting to genetic modification or mega-factories,” said Nahmias. “This technology brings us closer to making cultivated meat a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional animal farming.”
Cost-cutting efforts are front of mind for cultivated meat producers
Courtesy: Believer Meats
The study’s authors acknowledged that various other factors would affect the final price of cultivated meat, but added that their research underscored the potential of continuous manufacturing to slash production costs and make these proteins more accessible to consumers.
The research has also presented solutions like a novel filter stack perfusion that can reduce factory costs, aside from the animal-free medium that can lower raw material costs and the continuous manufacturing that increases factory capacity. The analysis of the 50,000-litre facility resulted in a projected annual production of 2.14 million kg of cultivated chicken at price parity with USDA Organic chicken.
Many companies have been making efforts to decrease the cost of culture media, including pet food producers Meatly and BioCraft Pet Nutrition. The former has created a protein-free medium to get costs to just £1 ($1.30), while the latter has developed a plant-based medium that could bring market prices down to $2-2.50 per lb.
“This important study provides numerous data points that demonstrate the economic feasibility of cultivated meat. The study confirms early theoretical calculations that serum-free media can be produced at costs well below $1/L without forfeiting productivity, which is a key factor for cultivated meat achieving cost-competitiveness.”
Fellow Israeli company Ever After Foods has also developed a bioreactor platform that offers a 90% reduction in cultivated meat prices for its B2B clients. And researchers in Finland have posited stem cell metabolism as a way to produce these proteins without expensive growth factors.
Believer Meats, meanwhile, is currently building what it claims would be the world’s largest cultivated meat facility. Located in North Carolina, the 200,000 sq ft plant would be able to churn out at least 10,000 tonnes of product a year, and will help apply this continuous manufacturing research in practice on a large scale.
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers Lurpak’s plant-based butter, Cheetos’ limited-edition vegan release, and Oatly and Kolkata Chai Co.’s ice cream block party.
New products and launches
Arla‘s market-leading butter brand Lurpak has finally entered the plant-based world with a non-dairy spreadable version made from rapeseed, coconut and shea oils, oats and cultures. It debuts in the UK today, and in Denmark on August 26.
Courtesy: Lurpak/Meawnamcat via Getty Images
Another dairy-free win comes from Premier Foods, whose canned custard brand Ambrosia has introduced a plant-based edition in the UK. The non-HFSS 390g tin is currently available at Morrisons for £1.95 (on par with the £2, 400g dairy and egg version), and will roll out at other retailers next month.
Irish vegan influencer duo David and Stephen Flynn – known as The Happy Pear – is bringing its range of dips, soups, ready meals, granolas and drinks to UK supermarkets following a successful €2.5M crowdfunding round in June.
Courtesy: The Happy Pear
Swedish vegan meat analogue startup Hooked Foods has brought out four new products – chicken bites, chicken filets, tuna bites, and salmon bites – with a refreshed packaging design. They will be available at ICA Gruppen and Coop Sverige from October.
German pet food startup VegDog has permanently introduced a potato-based vegan popcorn snack for dogs.
Frito-Lay‘s cult-favourite cheese puff brand Cheetos has at last gone plant-based with a new Vegan Vegetalien White Cheddar Blanc launched exclusively in Canada for a limited time.
Courtesy: @accidentally_vegan_canada via Instagram/Yazgi Bayram via Getty Images
Ingredients giant Ingredion has released a functional native cornstarch called Novation Indulge 2940, which holds distinct gelling properties for use in vegan cheese, among other applications.
UK vegan meat maker Shicken has rolled out its Tikka Kebab in Costco stores in the US, making it the only British plant-based meat brand currently available on its shelves.
Also in the US, Oatly has partnered with Kolkata Chai Co. to promote their Oat Milk Chai Soft Serve at a block party at the latter’s East Village location in New York City this Friday (August 22), which is National Soft Serve Day. It comes a week after Oatly’s soft-serve began appearing at Impossible Foods‘ Chicago pop-up.
Courtesy: Oatly/Kolkata Chai Co.
Texas-based Kibo Foods has launched a new line of Veggie Crunch chips made from green peas. They come in three plant-based flavours: sour cream and onion, hot chipotle, and sea salt. They’re available on its e-store and on Amazon for $21.99 per 12-pack.
In Singapore, upcycled food startup The Moonbeam Co. has collaborated with coffee company Bettr to introduce the Resavour Mocha Siew Dai Cookies, made using spent coffee grounds.
Japanese restaurant operator Fujiya has announced a sorghum-based meat analogue brand called Nikugoe. The lineup, which includes Hamburg Steak, Meat Super Cheese Hamburger, and Meat Super Gyoza, is set to launch in the country in autumn, with future plans to take it to the US.
Courtesy: Tous les Jours
South Korean bakery chain Tous les Jours has added vegan cakes to its menu. The Plantastic raspberry-chocolate and blueberry-chocolate offerings are available nationwide.
And in Dubai, vegan café Seva is set to reopen on September 1 after undergoing renovations in the summer.
Research and company developments
Research by plant-based meat brand Meatless Farm has found that two-thirds of meat-eaters would swap beef burgers for a vegan option after learning that its meat-free burger has 85% lower emissions.
Courtesy: Meatless Farm
At the University of Lisbon‘s Técnico Lisboa, researchers have developed cultivated seabass via 3D bioprinting, a result of a five-year effort.
Inn Pakistan, the Institute of Agronomy at Bahauddin Zakariya University has launched an MSc (Hons) degree in Climate Change and Food Security.
Company and personnel updates
Sandhya Sriram, founder of cultivated seafood startup Shiok Meats (now acquired by Umami Bioworks), has been appointed as CEO of New Zealand-based food tech investor and accelerator Sprout Agritech.
In Canada, Danone’s plant-based milk brand Silk‘s coconut and almond milk ranges, and Walmart‘s private-label Great Value almond milks, have been recalled due to concerns of a Listeria outbreak.
Courtesy: Beacon Press
Mercy for Animals president and CEO Leah Garcés is releasing her second book, Transfarmation: The Movement to Free Us from Factory Farming, on September 17. Currently available for pre-order, it is described as an “insightful and pointed exploration of the injustices perpetrated by factory farming”, and will be promoted via a six-city book tour in the fall.
Finally, Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport has joined the growing list of retailers and caterers to commit to making 60% of all protein sales plant-based by 2030, with the aim of halving emissions by this time. The international airport will also introduce Fairtrade standards for food and coffee, with all products being deforestation-free by 2025 (echoing the incoming EU regulations).
And this week, industry members got a taste of three new dishes using a new kind of ingredient for hybrid meats (a combination of cultivated animal cells and plant-based ingredients).
Local startup Ants Innovate showcased Cell Essence, a cultivated pork oil for hybrid meats, as part of three dishes at a private tasting. It is part of the company’s line of functional ingredients for the alternative protein industry, and was mixed with products from its plant-based meat brand NouMi.
The cultivated porcine oil was part of IKEA-style meatballs, Shanghai-style soup dumplings (xiaolongbao), and teriyaki grilled skewers. The latter featured another of Ants Innovate’s functional ingredients, a lean meat cut using its Scalable Micro-Imprinted Lapis Expansion (or SMILE) tech.
A few drops are all that’s needed
Courtesy: GFI APAC/LInkedIn
Ants Innovate is an alumnus of the state-owned Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), and was founded by Hanry Yu and Ong Shuian in 2020. The startup calls itself an “industry enabler and a translator of technology to products”, and aims to supply functional ingredients for cultivated and plant-based protein manufacturers to make premium whole-cut meats.
The company is working on a range of fictional hybrid meat ingredients to hit the taste, texture and affordability touchpoints, which includes a scaleable micro-imprinting and stacking technology for planet-friendly meat cuts, as explained by the Good Food Institute APAC, whose director Mirte Gosker was at the tasting event.
Cell Essence is described as an ingredient that “emulates the rich, savoury essence of pork”, and has a major impact on the sensory aspects of hybrid meats even in small concentrations. The technology extracts these attributes from animal cells and helps the startup “control the meaty aroma, fibrous base or natural meaty colouring” of the products.
“This is a hybrid cultivated porcine oil that emulates the rich, savoury essence of pork,” explained Calisa Lim, senior project manager at trade body APAC-SCA, who was also at the event. Writing on LinkedIn, she said she was particularly “blown away by the smell and taste” of the meat skewers.
“The small percentage of cells (<3%) was enough to deliver on the sweet, salty and umami flavour that conventional pork has,” wrote Lim.
The commercial potential of hybrid meat
Courtesy: Ants Innovate
Ants Innovate is among several startups working on cultivated meat ingredients. Silicon Valley startup Mission Barns is making cultivated pork fat, Dutch player Upstream Foods is working on cultivated salmon fat, and fellow Singaporean company ImpacFat is developing cultivated fish fat. South Korea’s Simple Planet, meanwhile, has created a cultivated meat powder.
Ants Innovate – whose name takes inspiration from the Ants and Lions story – has an automaton instrument that uses process and design engineering to seamlessly transform ingredients like Cell Essence into end products. It has established various cell lines and opened a lab and pilot plant at Bedok Food City.
It launched NouMi in 2022, offering plant-based meat products in the form of baos, spring rolls, curry puffs and dumplings. It has also been working with strategic partners in supply chain and distribution to commercialise its functional ingredients.
Most cultivated meats that have been sold so far are hybrid meats, as the industry continues to scale and lower costs. “The chances of being able to economically produce 100% cultivated products that can compete on price with commoditised meat are slim to none in the next 10+ years,” Heather Courtney, general partner at Alwyn Capital, told Green Queen in December.
“in the short term, it’s likely the only way to make cultivated commercially feasible,” she added. “Hybrid products will allow the cultivated market the chance to build and become normalised with consumers, while also – importantly – generating the revenues and business necessary to keep dollars flowing into the space, so scale can be further achieved.”
Ants Innovate addresses the cost question on its website, saying: “We have low cost as a key design goal and have simplified the manufacturing process and ingredient list, as well as the cell and food production strategies. We use cells for their meaty flavours so our premium quality products will be priced competitively with conventional meat.”
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers Chloe Coscarelli’s comeback to the restaurant world, vegan hits at UK airports, and Canada’s plant-based egg labelling guidelines.
New products and launches
Vegan chef Chloe Coscarelli has opened eponymous restaurant Chloe on New York City’s Bleecker Street (to rave reviews), eight years after she was ousted from her first restaurant chain, By Chloe.
Courtesy: Chloe
On the other coast, vegan seafood company Impact Food served its sushi-grade tuna in nachos and a rice bowl by the Da Poke Man food truck at the Outside Lands music festival last weekend.
If you’re a fan of the adult party game Cards Against Humanity, vegan gaming company This Is Not A Game has released a vegan-focused version called Plants Against Veganity. There’s apparently a Monopoly-style game in the works too.
Courtesy: This Is Not A Game
Israeli alt-seafood player Oshi has partnered with Lewis Hamilton-backed vegan chain Neat, which has added three dishes using the former’s vegan salmon. It comes shortly after the startup relocated production to California, spotting a bigger market for its vegan fish in the US.
US airline JetBlue has launched Lakeland Dairies‘ Milk in a Stick Oat Milk, a plant-based creamer for the in-flight Dunkin’ coffee and tea offerings.
Alt-dairy giant Califia Farms has announced its fall and winter lineups: the former features pumpkin spice barista oat milk, caramel apple crumble oat creamer, and maple waffle almond creamer; and the latter has a holiday blend black iced coffee, holiday nog, and peppermint mocha almond latte. These and other flavours are rolling out across grocery stores now.
Courtesy: Califia Farms
Blue Zones Kitchen – the company based on the world’s blue zones highlighted in Netflix’s Live to 100 – has rolled out its debut breakfast product line. The vegan, gluten-free, steel-cut oatmeal SKUs come in blueberry-walnut and peach-pecan flavours, and can be found at Whole Foods stores nationwide.
Fast-casual chain Veggie Grill has debuted its largest menu update since being acquired by Next Level Burger in January. New items include quinoa-mushroom burgers, crispy chicken sandwiches, and an avocado Cobb salad with tempeh bacon.
Courtesy: Veggie Grill
In the UK, VBites owner Heather Mills is sponsoring The Big Green Clash, an eco-focused rugby match between Richmond Rugby Club and the all-vegan Green Gazelles Rugby Club at London’s Richmond Athletic Ground on September 8.
Meanwhile, bottled oat milk maker Oato has launched a Caffè Latte variant exclusively for British milk round Modern Milkman, with notes of caramel and vanilla, 7g of sugar per 100ml, and a price tag of £1.50 per pint.
Courtesy: Oato
And restaurant chain Wagamama, which aims to make half its menu plant-based by 2025, has introduced a vegan brunch menu at 22 locations across the UK. A national rollout will follow soon.
Financial updates
Australian precision fermentation startup Cauldron has been awarded an A$4.3M ($2.8M) grant by the Department of Industry, Science and Resources Industry Growth Program to scale up its manufacturing platform for high-value ingredients.
Brazilian mycoprotein producerTypcal has received R$250,000 ($45,000) in grant funding from the government’s Paraná Anjo Inovador programme.
Courtesy: Typcal
In South Korea, meat-producer-turned-vegan-startup Sujis Link has secured a ₩3B ($2.5M) investment from Samyang Foods, as part of a collaboration to advance the country’s plant-based sector.
Since last summer, sales of vegan breakfasts and brunches have hiked by over 20% at Manchester, Stansted and East Midlands airports in the UK.
Policy and research developments
In Chile, the agricultural committee has passed a bill that would see plant-based meat, dairy and egg products as “simulated food”. The proposed legislation is now being debated in the Chamber of Deputies.
Canada is developing guidance on the labelling of plant-based egg products, in what it says is an effort to help companies avoid being ‘misleading’ and comply with regulations. The proposed guidance is predictable.
Courtesy: Veronika Dvorakova
Speaking of Canada, cellular agriculture platform Cult Food Science‘s subsidiary Further Foods has submitted a design protocol for feeding trials of its cultivated pet food, which it aims to launch under its Noochies! brand. As we reported last month, the goal is to receive US regulatory approval and sell cultivated chicken in early 2025.
University of Georgia startup CytoNest has introduced an edible 3D fibre scaffold for cultivated meat and seafood, which is made from Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) materials.
Courtesy: Lauren Corcino
Finally, in the UK, West Yorkshire’s Calderdale Council is the latest to go vegan, having approved the proposal to only serve plant-based food at future meetings and catered events.
California’s Upside Foods has filed a lawsuit against the state of Florida over its ban on cultivated meat, and is asking the federal court for an injunction. Here’s what happened, and what’s to come.
Forty-two days after Florida decided to outlaw the sale and production of cultivated meat, the state is now facing a lawsuit over the ban.
Californian cultivated chicken startup Upside Foods has filed a legal complaint in the US District Court for the Northern District of Florida, calling Florida’s SB 1084 “unconstitutional”.
Announced on May 1 by governor Ron DeSantis, the legislation made it a second-degree misdemeanour to manufacture, transport, commercialise or sell cultivated meat within Florida’s borders. Penalties included up to $5,000 in fines, 60 days in jail, and businesses having their licenses revoked.
“What we’re protecting here is the industry against acts of man, against an ideological agenda that wants to finger agriculture as the problem, that views things like raising cattle as destroying our climate,” DeSantis said at the time, labelling it a battle against “the global elite’s plan to force the world to eat meat grown in a petri dish or bugs to achieve their authoritarian goals”.
But Paul Sherman, senior attorney at the Institute of Justice, which is leading the case for Upside Foods, said the ban had “nothing to do with protecting public health and safety”. “Florida’s law is a transparent example of economic protectionism. It was passed following intense lobbying by cattle interests, and its protectionist purpose was no secret,” he said in a press conference.
So what are the grounds for Upside Foods’ lawsuit? And what happens next? Here’s everything you need to know.
Why Upside Foods is challenging Florida’s ban
As one of two companies approved to sell cultivated meat in the US, Upside Foods has been offering Americans a taste of its chicken for over a year now. What started as a residency on the menu of Dominique Crenn’s Bar Crenn has since evolved into tastings at various public events throughout the US.
These included the Industry Only Potluck in Las Vegas, TED Countdown Dilemma: Food in New York, and South by Southwest (SXSW) in Texas. In fact, four days before Florida’s ban, the startup hosted a Freedom of Food Pop-Up in Miami, in partnership with local chef Mika Leon.
But this wasn’t the only event Upside Foods was planning in Florida. It had teamed up with local chefs to showcase its cultivated chicken at the Art Basel fair in Miami in December, and host a tasting at the South Beach Wine and Food Festival in the state capital next February.
The chef who was working on the Art Basel activation had also planned to offer the cultivated chicken at her restaurant, aiming to make it available to diners on a limited basis by the first quarter of 2025. Upside Foods had additionally identified chefs in Miami and Tallahassee who were interested in collaborating with the brand.
Courtesy: Kevin Martin Galante/Upside Foods
“Florida is the third-largest economy in the US, which is why every CPG sees Florida as an important market,” Sean Edgett, chief legal officer at Upside Foods, tells Green Queen. “We know that ‘tasting is believing’ – giving consumers in every market the opportunity to try our product is hugely important to our future.”
He adds: “We had great feedback from our June 2023 Miami pop-up with Chef Mika Leon and hope to be able to continue that partnership in the future. However, for now, all plans for Florida are on hold.”
“Under the ban, tasting events like these are a crime. If Upside were to distribute its product in Florida, it would expose itself and the local chefs and food establishments with which it wishes to partner to civil and criminal penalties as well as the embargo and destruction of its products,” the complaint reads.
Upside Foods argues that the ban blocked “critical and irreplaceable opportunities” to grow the nascent cultivated meat market: “Upside is enduring ongoing harm in the form of lost revenue, missed business and promotional opportunities, reputational damage, and loss of consumer goodwill.”
The legislation also makes it harder for the startup to partner with restaurant groups. “Florida is the headquarters of the world’s largest full-service restaurant company [Darden Restaurants] and one of the largest quick-service restaurants in the country [Burger King], both of which are key long-term customer targets of Upside’s,” the plaintiff notes.
What makes Florida’s ban unconstitutional?
Courtesy: UPSIDE Foods/Canva AI/Green Queen
The Institute of Justice has invoked two provisions of the US Constitution: the Commerce Clause and the Supremacy Clause.
Under the Commerce Clause, the federal government has exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce. States have limited power to interfere with or discriminate against here. “Florida’s ban does just that,” argues Institute of Justice attorney Suranjan Sen, also counsel to Upside Foods.
The state violates the Commerce Clause because its “intended purpose and practical effect is to shield in-state commercial interests from interstate competition”, he explains.
“Floridians have the right to enjoy a free-flowing market of interstate goods and services; they have a right to make an informed choice as to whether these products are right for themselves and their families; and Florida cannot shield itself from the interstate market without good reason,” Sen tells Green Queen.
“There is no such good reason here, in part because these products are safe to eat, and they are heavily regulated and inspected by the USDA and FDA – just like conventional meat.”
And the decision by two federal departments to allow Upside Foods to sell products in the interstate market supersedes any contrary state laws, as outlined in the Supremacy Clause.
“Congress long ago passed the Federal Meat Inspection Act and the Poultry Products Inspection Act, which grant the USDA and FDA the authority to set up a nationwide regulatory regime for meat products, a regime that expressly preempts state laws to the contrary (because 50 different regulatory regimes would frustrate a nationwide market),” explains Sen.
Introducing different ingredient or manufacturing requirements is therefore prevented by these acts. “Essentially, the federal government has said that cultivated chicken cells produced at Upside’s facilities can be used in poultry products, and the state of Florida is saying that they can’t. The state simply doesn’t have that power,” Sherman added in the press conference.
Who are the defendants?
Courtesy: Upside Foods
The defendants in the lawsuit are Florida agriculture commissioner Wilton Simpson, attorney general Ashley Moody, as well as state attorneys Jack Campbell (from the Second Judicial Circuit), Bruce Bartlett (Sixth Judicial Circuit), Andrew Bain (Ninth Judicial Circuit), and Katherine Fernandez Rundle (Eleventh Judicial Circuit).
“The lawsuit is ridiculous,” Simpson said in a statement. “Lab-grown ‘meat’ is not proven to be safe enough for consumers and it is being pushed by a liberal agenda to shut down farms. Food security is a matter of national security, and our farmers are the first line of defence.”
He added: “As Florida’s Commissioner of Agriculture, I will fight every day to protect a safe, affordable, and abundant food supply. States are the laboratory of democracy, and Florida has the right to not be a corporate guinea pig. Leave the Frankenmeat experiment to California.”
“The states simply do not have the power to wall themselves off from products that have been approved by the USDA and the FDA,” Sherman said when asked to respond to Simpson’s comments. “And if consumers don’t like the idea of cultivated meat, there’s a simple solution. They don’t have to eat it, but they can’t make that decision for other consumers.”
Uma Valeti, co-founder and CEO of Upside Foods, stressed that cultivated meat is a “complement, not competition” to conventional meat. The current methods of meat production are unsustainable – there’s simply not enough land, water or resources to meet the needs of a 10-billion-strong population.
“What cultivated meat is doing is putting choice of having animal-based foods on the table and not having to ration in the future,” Valeti said.
Miami chef Mika Leon and Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti at the Freedom of Food tasting event in June | Courtesy: Kevin Martin Galante/Upside Foods
Recalling the legislative debate that led to the ban, he said it was a “very surreal moment”, likening it to what the world looked like hundreds of years ago, when people challenged “nearly every transformative innovation that came into the world, and innovators had to fight and fight and fight”.
“I felt like I was watching an old boys’ club trying to have a privileged group protected and protecting an incumbent industry. I just couldn’t believe that was happening at this day and age.”
Are there any legal precedents for Upside Foods’ case?
Yes, there are. In 2011’s National Meat Association v Harris, the US Supreme Court unanimously invoked the Supremacy Clause to strike down a California law aiming to restrict meatpackers and processors from handling nonambulatory pigs (who can’t bear weight on their legs or walk without support).
This legislation was found to be “exceeding or conflicting with requirements under the Federal Meat Inspection Act”, notes Sen.
Meanwhile, in 1977’s Hunt v Washington State Apple Advertising Commission, the Supreme Court invoked the Commerce Clause to abolish a North Carolina legislation that required apples to be sold with no grade identification other than USDA grading.
While neutral on the surface, this law “operated to disfavour apples from other states” that could boast grades higher than the UDSA grades.
Courtesy: Upside Foods
What about Alabama’s ban, and what happens next?
The Institute of Justice is asking the court to declare that Florida’s ban violates the constitutional clauses, and grant an injunction preventing the state from enforcing it.
While the lawsuit moves forward, the Institute of Justice will be filing for a preliminary injunction to allow Upside Foods to continue to sell its cultivated chicken in Florida. “The rules state that we must first confer with Florida’s attorneys, which we hope to do this week,” says Sen.
“Once we file that motion, the timeline will largely be in the judge’s hands. That said, the immediate impetus for the preliminary injunction would be so that Upside can host a tasting event in Miami this December at the Art Basel festival, so hopefully we should get a result by then,” he adds.
Just a week after Florida’s ban in May, neighbouring state Alabama also decided to outlaw cultivated meat, but this comes into effect on October 1. According to the legal filing, “officials in Arizona, Kentucky, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia” have also introduced similar proposals.
“We see these types of bans as a harbinger of what might come when a small set of people try to make laws and rules on what common Americans and Floridians can eat,” said Upside Foods’ Valeti.
Courtesy: Upside Foods
“Alabama’s ban is similarly unlawful, as are other efforts to kill a new and innovative industry for the sake of shielding entrenched in-state commercial interests,” says Sen. Since Florida’s law is already in place, the lawyers decided to challenge this first. But he says the Institute of Justice is “not averse to challenging other bans”.
He adds: “Alabama is in the same federal circuit court of appeals as Florida (the Eleventh Circuit). Therefore, the precedent from a victory in this case would likely apply to Alabama as well.”
Upside Foods is among the most well-capitalised startups in the cultivated meat sector, having raised $608M to date. But a lack of investment in the overall industry and two rounds of layoffs in 2024, combined with these legislative challenges, have dented progress.
However, while it has paused its plans for tastings in Florida for now, the company is planning on distributing its cultivated chicken at events in Los Angeles and Chicago next month.
Australia has unique advantages when it comes to pushing the future of protein technology forward, argues independent alternative protein think tank Food Frontier CEO Dr Simon Eassom.
Food systems transformation is increasingly being seen as essential; not just desirable. The pressures created by the need to increase the food supply for a global population – set to grow by nearly two billion people in the next quarter-century – and the growing recognition of current industrial agricultural practices’ effect on the environment, are leading to the rapid development of new technologies focused on food production without the enormous burden it has traditionally placed on our dwindling land and water resources.
In the race for market leadership in this new frontier of food production, Australia is contesting for first-mover advantage with the powerhouses of Europe and the US. Despite being the minnow in the pond, it is strongly positioned to service the growing demand for alternative proteins internationally, especially in Asia, helping to secure a long-term economic outlook through diversified and value-added exports. This is true not just for final products, but also for ingredients, technological IP, equipment, and skills.
The visionaries driving Australia’s cultivated meat sector forward
Courtesy: Magic Valley
Australia’s strengths lie in the convergence of several necessary conditions required to accelerate change. Not least, the requirements for raw materials, R&D of new technologies, investment dollars, and favourable market opportunities present a significant exploitable advantage for Australia.
Recent data collected by Deloitte Access Economics and presented by Food Frontier in its 2023 State of the Industry report for the plant-based meat sector highlighted how (on a per capita basis) Australia’s alternative protein sector is bucking the trend apparent in the US and Europe, especially in foodservice, where the incorporation of plant-based meat into catering options has grown by 53% year-on-year since 2020.
But beyond plant-based meat, the diversification of plant-based ingredient supply, the relatively high levels of investment into the Australian sector – ranked fourth highest in the world for cellular agriculture deal count in recent research published by Nicholas Dahl’s Alternative Proteins Global and receiving the lion’s share of both public sector and $1.2B of private sector investment into alternative proteins generally, according to the Good Food Institute APAC – and the R&D advances made into precision fermentation and cultivated meat technologies highlight Australia’s growing capability.
Much has been made of the success of Australia’s Vow’s launch into the luxury dining market in Singapore and its status as the only company in the world currently offering a cultured meat dining experience. Having navigated the requirements of Singapore’s novel food regulator, Vow’s founder George Peppou is now working with regulators around the world, including Australia and New Zealand’s food safety standards body, FSANZ, to take its cultured Japanese quail worldwide.
Peppou believes that the early obstacles of the necessary investment to overcome technical difficulties and the unavoidable cost of large-scale cell cultures used in the pharmaceutical sector have largely been resolved, and is on a mission to tackle the final hurdle: getting product in front of consumers and growing their acceptance of novel food technology’s ability to produce delicious meat experiences.
It’s a mission shared by Victoria’s Magic Valley, led by founder and CEO Paul Bevan. Magic Valley’s quest is to provide familiar food products such as pork mince and lamb mince into the retail sector at prices at least comparable to traditional animal products but with the added value of not involving either the slaughter of an animal or the environmental cost of animal farming.
Bevan believes that Magic Valley’s technology can provide a product that matches its conventional pork peer in taste and texture for AU$8 per kilo. The startup will be taking its portfolio of evidence to FSANZ for approval very soon. Certainly, public tastings of its pork and lamb meatballs, including a televised tasting on Australia’s Channel 7 network, have substantiated the “real meat” claims of Bevan and team.
Precision fermentation brews up more sustainable food system
Courtesy: Cauldron Ferm
Elsewhere, New South Wales’s Cauldron Ferm is leading the way in establishing a scalable, repeatable, continuous process that will unlock the full potential of precision fermentation. Its proprietary hyper-fermentation technology unlocks significant gains in productivity compared to fed-batch methods.
Currently operating a 25,000-litre demo facility, it expects to open two 100,000-litre industrial-scale hyper-fermentation facilities by the end of 2025. Compared to 500,000-litre fed-batch processers, Cauldron Ferm’s technology promises a 50% reduction in manufacturing costs, greater than 275% more volume of product compared to fed-batch methods, and 4x better payback.
One company already benefiting from a partnership with Cauldron Ferm is Victoria’s precision-fermentation dairy company Eden Brew. CEO Jim Fader argues that previous scale-up and supply chain issues have now been solved and that precision fermentation dairy is delivering industry-mature costs with little capital investment, hinting that Eden Brew will be at price parity with the dairy industry by 2029.
Fader’s bullishness reflects the convergence of requirements for success that he finds in Australia, particularly with the move of his business to Victoria. Apart from Eden Brew’s partnership with Australia’s national research agency, CSIRO, and support from Australia’s leading early-stage tech venture capital fund management group, Main Sequence, it has been supported from the outset by Australia’s 100% farmer-owned dairy co-operative, Norco, which currently has 191 dairy farms producing over 200 million litres of milk annually, with a turnover crossing AU$650M. Norco’s support reflects the growing concern in the dairy sector of the continuous long-term decline of the conventional milk-production industry.
Courtesy: Eden Brew
Whilst leading with the economic case, Fader (and other precision fermentation advocates) don’t shy away from showcasing their environmental credentials. Eden Brew claims that per litre of milk produced by its methods, its proteins produce 70% less emissions, use only 5% of the land required for cow-derived dairy, reduce water consumption by 99% (less than 99.9% of the water used to produce almond milk), emit no methane, and cause no eutrophication of waterways.
UK and New Zealand-based think-tank, RethinkX agrees that the cost of creating dairy proteins via precision fermentation is quickly approaching price parity. In combination with evolving technological capabilities and the maturity of regulatory frameworks, Australia and New Zealand are well-placed to take advantage of these major breakthroughs.
Recently, New Zealand dairy protein precision fermentation start-up, Daisy Lab, received approval from its Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to use genetically modified organisms for the growth of dairy-identical proteins. This follows Cauldron Ferm’s groundbreaking approval from the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) for its controlled use of GM yeast.
Opportunities are being accelerated by some unique and exciting collaborations across the sector. Australia’s deep-tech food innovator, Nourish Ingredients, uses precision-fermented fats to reproduce the taste and mouthfeel that make chocolate and meat so delicious to eat. Focusing on the precision fermentation of a dairy-type lipid solution (called Creamilux), Nourish Ingredients is partnering with New Zealand’s global dairy co-operative, Fonterra, to push into adjacent food product segments, such as bakery, that traditionally rely on dairy fats in their production.
Focus on manufacturing sector and native plant proteins
Courtesy: Tijana Drndarski/Unsplash
This rapidly accelerating push into the ingredient space is fuelling great excitement around Australia and New Zealand’s alternative protein development potential. Plant processing companies such as Essantis, Integra Foods, and Australian Plant Proteins are exploiting Australia’s legume production to produce concentrates and isolates providing anything up to 80% protein by volume.
In a country that produces 85% of the world’s lupin seeds, the technology now exists to provide plant-based proteins with comparable or better amino acid profiles to traditional meat and dairy sources at a fraction of the cost to the consumer and the environment.
It’s an approach pursued by companies like Roquette that recognise the need to produce a “complete” protein while mimicking the functionality of dairy and meat proteins. They are investing heavily in finessing the bioavailability of quality proteins whilst lauding the environmental credentials of pulses such as pea and fava bean with carbon footprints 70% lower than soy and boosting the economic opportunities for local agriculture.
Similarly, Grainstone is using biorefinery technology to revolutionise the value chain for barley producers, converting millions of tonnes of spent grain from the beer brewing industry to lift it from comparatively low-value animal feedstock to high protein, high fibre premium baking flour with 25% of the carbohydrates of traditional flour, 10 times the fibre content, and more than double the protein by weight (26% compared to most baking flour at 9%-13%).
The opportunity for radical food systems transformation has never been greater as hype fast approaches reality. All of these industry players will be participating in Food Frontier’s AltProteins ’24 conference in Melbourne this October.
The day will begin with an engaging keynote address delivered by Satya Tripathi, Secretary-General of the Global Alliance for a Sustainable Planet, who served with the United Nations for more than two decades in key positions across the globe and was most recently as the UN Assistant Secretary-General, Head of New York Office at UN Environment and Secretary of the UN Environment Management Group.
Tickets for Food Frontier’s AltProteins 24 Conference are available here.
A quarter of UK consumers say they’d try cultivated meat, recognising its animal welfare and environmental value – but taste and price remain major obstacles.
In 2012, 19% of consumers in the UK said they would be willing to eat cultivated meat, according to a YouGov poll. Now, 12 years on, that number has risen to 26%, with Brits more aware of the climate and welfare impacts of these novel proteins.
On the heels of the UK’s first approval of cultivated meat for Meatly’s pet food, a 2,032-person survey by YouGov has revealed that as the industry has advanced, so has consumer perception of it – although improvements in taste, price and food safety awareness are key to wider adoption.
Nearly three-quarters (74%) of British citizens have now heard of cultivated meat, evidence of the fact that it is now allowed to be sold commercially in Singapore, the US, and Israel, alongside the UK.
However, more people would avoid cultivated meat (54%) than try it, a sentiment particularly higher among women, older citizens and people who don’t eat meat.
UK consumers more open to cultivated meat for pets than humans
Courtesy: YouGov
The YouGov survey revealed that men and people aged 18-24 (36% each) are much more likely than women (16%) and Brits ages 50 and above (around 60%) to try cultivated meat. This trend is in line with the association of meat-eating with masculinity, and Gen Z with greater climate consciousness.
Cultivated meat was most unpopular with non-meat-eaters, 82% of whom say they wouldn’t consume it. And mirroring partisan trends in the US, supporters of right-wing parties like the Conservatives and Reform UK are less interested in cultivated meat (20% and 17%, respectively) than centrists and leftists such as the Labour Party and Liberal Democrats (30% each).
When asked if cultivated meat should be allowed for sale, YouGov found interesting results. Brits are much more in favour of the government greenlighting cultivated meat for pets than humans, a notable finding given that the only startup that has received clearance (the aforementioned Meatly) makes cultivated chicken for dogs and cats.
Nearly half (48%) of consumers support cultivated meat being sold for pets, versus just 30% who are against it. But when it comes to buying it for themselves, only a third (34%) are in favour, while 44% are opposed to it. Currently, the UK’s Food Standards Agency is assessing applications for cultivated beef from Aleph Farms, chicken from Vital Meat, and foie gras (from duck) from Gourmey.
Brits wary of taste, price and safety of cultivated meat
Courtesy: YouGov
In a positive sign for the alternative protein industry, British citizens do recognise the environmental and welfare credentials of cultivated meat. Almost half (47%) of respondents believe these proteins are better for animal welfare than conventional meat, and 43% find them environmentally superior. Only 11% feel it would be worse across both aspects.
However, things are less encouraging when it comes to other factors. Only 3% of Brits think cultivated meat will taste better than conventional meat, for example. But 30% say both would taste the same, while 35% say the former would taste worse. Highlighting the need for further education, nearly a third (32%) of consumers don’t know how cultivated meat would taste.
Similarly, only 16% suggest cultivated meat would be safer than conventional meat, versus 24% who say it would have the same health effects, and 27% who feel it’ll be worse. Here, too, uncertainty looms large, with 33% saying they don’t know whether it’s safer or not.
Brits are slightly more sure that cultivated meat would be more expensive, with 40% saying so. But again, 29% are unsure, and one in five (19%) actually think it could be cheaper.
“Despite the implication that lab-grown meat would not require the slaughter of animals, nor be subject to the same food safety risks of eating e.g. wild animals, the public are significantly less likely to think it would be acceptable to create lab-grown meat from animals not traditionally eaten as food,” writes Matthew Smith, head of data journalism at YouGov.
An identical share of Brits (54%) say it is acceptable for manufacturers to make cultivated versions of chicken, beef, salmon and pork. Similar numbers exist for sheep (53%) and duck (51%), an interesting finding given Gourmey only announced its regulatory application for the latter in the UK (and four other markets) last week.
The US Department of Defense has withdrawn its call for funding applications to develop cultivated meat for military rations, following pressure from livestock lobby groups.
If you’ve never truly grasped the sheer power of the animal agriculture industry, buckle up.
The livestock lobby has put enough pressure on the US Department of Defense (DoD) – a body that oversees national security and the armed forces – for it to back down on efforts to make the military food system more sustainable.
The DoD has decided to revoke its call for funding proposals that would have seen small businesses and research organisations develop nutrient-dense, climate-friendly cultivated meat products for the US military.
It’s a direct result of lobbying from the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA), a livestock group that has backed a host of legislative efforts to restrict the progress of alternative proteins. NCBA worked with seven Congress members to get the DoD to back down, all of whom belong to the Republican party.
What the DoD project was about
Courtesy: US Army
It all started in May, when the DoD published its call for proposals to develop sustainable food and materials and reduce emissions related to military operations via bioindustrial manufacturing.
It was put out under public-private biomanufacturing consortium BioMade’s Sustainable Logistics for Advanced Manufacturing (SLAM) Project, with each project receiving between $500,000 and $2M. As part of the sustainable food focus, the DoD was looking for projects that would reduce the carbon footprint of food production and transportation.
“These could include, but are not limited to, production of nutrient-dense military rations via fermentation processes, utilising one-carbon molecule (C1) feedstocks for food production, and novel cell-culture methods suitable for the production of cultivated meat/protein,” the document stated.
There were a host of other focus areas, from sidestream valorisation to carbon capture tech, but the focus fell squarely on cultivated meat. Almost immediately, there was backlash.
The NCBA put out a statement condemning the move in early June. “It is outrageous that the Department of Defense is spending millions of taxpayer dollars to feed our heroes like lab rats,” its VP of government affairs, Ethan Lane, said.
“US cattle producers raise the highest-quality beef in the world, with the lowest carbon footprint – and American troops deserve to be served that same wholesome, natural meat and not ultra-processed, lab-grown protein that is cooked up in a chemical-filled bioreactor,” he added. “This misguided research project is a giant slap in the face to everyone that has served our country. Our veterans and active-duty troops deserve so much better than this.”
Conservative media runs riot on the move
Courtesy: The Washington Free Beacon/Daily Express/The Daily Signal/Daily Mail
The NCBA’s response was followed by a pile-on from a number of conservative media outlets. The Daily Mail called it “bizarre”, featuring comments made by a former Marine to another right-wing website, the Caller.
The Daily Signal – which was, until three days before the NCBA statement, part of the Heritage Foundation, the think tank behind the Project 2025 proposal in the US – ran an interview with the Center for Environment and Welfare. That might seem innocuous by the name, but that’s before you realise that it’s run by a long-term employee of Berman & Company, a PR group behind the Center for Organizational Research and Education (CORE).
The Daily Signal interview went exactly as you’d expect – they questioned the “diversity quota” required for the DoD to “shell out cash”, compared immortalised cells to tumours, and cited a widely condemned UC Davis study to cloud over the climate impact of cultivated meat.
Hubbard also went on the Washington Free Beacon to paint soldiers as “guinea pigs” and call it a political, “anti-farmer” agenda. This was picked up by national newspapers like the Daily Express in the UK.
A cattle rancher represented by the NCBA, meanwhile, appeared on Fox News, slamming cultivated meat for being ultra-processed and countless ingredients (which isn’t the case), and purporting the naturalness of his single-ingredient meat (which isn’t the case either).
DoD gives in to pressure from cattle groups and Congress
Ohio House Representative Warren Davidson | Courtesy: John Minchillo/AP
All of this to say, the NCBA has been successful in its efforts. In a statement earlier this week, it confirmed that the DoD is now no longer pursuing cultivated meat project proposals.
“After weeks of engaging with Congress and speaking out against this plan, we are thrilled to have DoD confirmation that lab-grown protein is not on the menu for our nation’s service members,” said NCBA president Mark Eisele, a rancher from Wyoming. “These men and women make the greatest sacrifices every day in service to our country and they deserve high-quality, nutritious, and wholesome food like real beef grown by American farmers and ranchers.”
Sigrid Johannes, senior director of government affairs at the group, added: “There’s a big difference between industrial or defence applications and the food we put in our bodies. US farmers and ranchers are more than capable of meeting the military’s need for high-quality protein.”
In a sign of just how influential the association’s lobbying was, the NCBA named seven Congress members and thanked them “for quickly acting to ensure that only the most wholesome and unprocessed products end up on the plate for our servicemembers”.
These were House Representatives Don Bacon, Zach Nunn, Warren Davidson and Mary Miller, and Senators Roger Marshall, Cynthia Lummis and Deb Fischer. Davidson is currently the sponsor of a bill that looks to ban federal funding of cultivated meat, an evolution of similar bills previously proposed by Fisher and Marshall. The latter is also the sponsor of a bill looking to ban deceptive labelling practices” on plant-based meat products, which has been endorsed by the NCBA.
While it’s important not to draw partisan lines – especially since restrictive bills with bipartisan support exist too – it’s notable that all these lawmakers belong to the Republican Party. The two states that have banned cultivated meat in the US, Florida and Alabama, are also led by the GOP. And a recent survey has shown that Democrats are far more likely to have a net-positive opinion on cultivated meat than Republicans.
The DoD’s reversal comes a week after a wide-ranging report highlighted the deceptive tactics used by the animal agriculture industry to influence public policy. One prominent example was the US agriculture secretary Tom Vilsack’s ties with the dairy sector, which have helped cattle companies influence some of the biggest policies affecting the sector, like the Global Methane Pledge and the Inflation Reduction Act.
The Department of Defence did not immediately respond to Green Queen’s request for comment.
French cultivated foie gras startup Gourmey has become the first cultivated meat company to apply for regulatory approval in the EU, with dossiers also filed in four other markets.
Gourmey has applied for regulatory approval of its cultivated duck in the European Union, Singapore, the US, the UK and Switzerland.
It marks the first application for cultivated meat in the EU, a major milestone for the industry. The cultivated duck will be used to make foie gras, a French delicacy inundated with animal welfare and environmental concerns.
The Parisian startup has filed dossiers with the European Commission and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the US Food and Drug Administration, the Singapore Food Agency, the UK Food Standards Agency, and the Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO).
It plans to offer its cultivated foie gras to chefs and restaurants by 2026. “We look forward to continuing to work closely with the regulatory authorities to ensure full compliance with safety requirements throughout these procedures,” said Gourmey co-founder and CEO Nicolas Morin-Forest.
“We are confident that our products will meet these highly demanding standards, so that everyone who wants to can enjoy new gourmet experiences all around the world.”
So far, only Singapore, the US, Israel and the UK have approved the sale of cultivated meat. The EU’s regulatory framework is regarded as the “gold standard in novel food safety and risk assessment”, according to the startup.
“I am thrilled to see member company Gourmey be the first to submit a dossier to the EU and it comes at the perfect time,” said Robert E Jones, president of industry association Cellular Agriculture Europe. “Europe is in danger of losing its competitive edge on a home-grown innovation and we face serious challenges in the food system that can be helped by diversifying protein sources.”
“It’s fantastic to see the first application to sell cultivated meat in the EU has been submitted,” said Seth Roberts, senior policy manager at alterntaive protein think tank the Good Food Institute Europe. “This demonstrates that food innovation can coexist alongside our culinary traditions, providing consumers with foie gras made in a way that could reduce environmental impacts and animal welfare concerns, support investment and provide future-proof jobs.”
A future-facing solution to a controversial tradition
Courtesy: Gourmey
Founded in 2019 by Morin-Forest, Jérôme Caron and Antoine Davydoff, Gourmey has so far raised €65M via public and private investments. This includes a then-record €48M Series A round in 2022, which was used to open a first-of-its-kind 46,000 sq ft cultivated meat hub and commercial production facility in Paris.
It describes itself as France’s first cultivated meat company, and has taken on an iconic – and hugely problematic – food.
Foie gras is up there with caviar and bluefin tuna as the world’s most exclusive and highly prized food items. But each comes with its problems. Foie gras is associated with the force-feeding of geese and ducks, which can damage the livers of the birds and lead to a painful disease called hepatic lipidosis.
Such animal welfare concerns have prompted over a dozen countries to actually ban foie gras, including India, Argentina, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Turkey. Even in France, three-quarters of consumers are uncomfortable with the force-feeding involved.
And that’s all before you consider the climate impact of raising birds and growing enormous amounts of corn to (over)feed them, just to slaughter them for human consumption in the end. Gourmey’s version, meanwhile, takes 80% less water, land surface and carbon dioxide emissions and uses 45% less energy to make.
Still, it continues to have its proponents. As we speak, it’s being served at the Olympics in Paris, despite what has been touted as the “most sustainable” Games ever, because it’s serving 60% meatless food. This has sparked widespread protests by animal activists, including prominent figures like actress Kate Mara.
Feeding the premium culinary market
Courtesy: Romain Buisson/Gourmey
While most cultivated meat companies have focused on more common meat products like beef and chicken, there is an argument for targeting higher-end foods like foie gras.
Foie gras, of course, is no novel food, but this iteration of the product is. And at a time when costs remain prohibitively high for cultivated meat, targeting the premium end of the market makes more sense financially. It also provides a solution – and contrast – to a country whose gastronomic identity has relied on ingredients mire don controversy, and whose lawmakers have been seeking to ban cultivated meat.
“The premium segment has always been at the forefront of food trends, where the most exciting innovations occur,” said Morin-Forest. “We are witnessing thrilling commercial traction for our first product in many regions where chefs want to keep serving high-quality foie gras.
He added: “Starting with haute-cuisine acts as a catalyst for our future product launches, with chefs serving as the best ambassadors to introduce new product categories to consumers and drive sustainability.”
There are other examples of companies targeting premium meats in this space too. Take Australia’s Vow, which makes cultivated quail as part of a parfait. It became the fourth company to be approved for sale earlier this year, after receiving the green light from the Singapore Food Agency.
“By changing the process of production, rather than the food itself, you are asking consumers to change their behaviour for the benefit of the planet alone. Despite what we’d like to believe, those externalities don’t matter as much as we think to a vast majority of consumers when it comes to purchasing,” its founder George Peppou told Green Queen in April.
“The only way for us to change our behaviour is to offer new foods that consumers choose selfishly. That’s why Vow is different, because we innovate instead of imitating, and therefore offer something that consumers will selfishly choose, because it is deliberately different.”
A giant leap amid rising polarisation
Courtesy: Gourmey
The EU application is a landmark moment for the six-year-old startup, as well as the nascent industry it’s in. For years, this region has been the toughest regulatory nut to crack, thanks to an extremely complex and stringent novel food framework that drove many companies to explore other markets first.
Other EU players like Meatable, Mosa Meat and Vital Meat have all looked to Singapore, for example, which was the first country to give the all-clear. The US and Israel have approved cultivated meat for sale too, and earlier this month, even the UK – a former EU member that for so long continued to follow EU regulations – gave the go-ahead (for pets).
Aleph Farms has filed for approval in Switzerland and the UK too, while Vital Meat is also awaiting approval in Britain. Meanwhile, South Korea is now accepting applications after developing a framework earlier this year, for example, while India is establishing guidance for approvals as well.
Gourmey’s application in five markets is a major statement about its global ambitions. It has indicated that it will also be actively engaged in Asian countries like Japan and South Korea (in addition to Singapore), where consumers have displayed a willingness to try these foods.
The EU’s approval process will include a thorough and evidence-based assessment of the safety and nutritional value of cultivated meat, and is set to take at least 18 months. During risk management and the public consultation phase of the process, it also enables the consideration of the potential social, economic and environmental impacts of the food in question.
The EU Commission and member states play a role in the approvals process alongside scientific experts at the EFSA, which ensures that the authorisation retains the buy-in of all stakeholders. Once the EU approves a cultivated meat product, it can be sold across all 27 EU countries.
A recent survey of 16,000 citizens from 15 EU countries found that Europeans are largely in favour of cultivated meat if it passes safety assessments from food regulators, and a majority are willing to try the novel food.
One major challenge is the increasing politicisation of cultivated meat. Italy and the US states of Florida and Alabama have banned cultivated meat. Other countries and states are making similar moves, including France.
“There’s a lot of polarisation… we need to really have a science-based conversation and public dialogue, nothing that is too ideologically driven,” Morin-Forest told Politico. “These types of food will be part of the diets of the next years and as a European invention, [with] several European champions, we really need to preserve this technological sovereignty.”
“Diversifying protein production is crucial for sustaining food security and contributing to sustainability objectives such as decarbonisation and biodiversity,” he added. “Integrating cultivated food production into existing agrifood value chains provides a complementary protein source that will contribute to resilient food systems.”
This story has been updated as more details have been released.
The Malaysian government is undertaking research to determine the potential of cultivated meat and alternative proteins as it looks to find “sustainable alternatives to current crop production”.
The Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and the National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia have teamed up to conduct feasibility studies on cultivated meat via universities.
The effort aims to bolster the country’s food security and safeguard its farming sector from the effects of climate change. Research has suggested that that grain yields drop by as much as 10% with every 1°C rise in the country, once temperatures reach above 25°C. Average temperatures in recent years have been 27.5°C.
The decision to study the potential of alternative proteins was agreed upon in a cabinet committee meeting on the National Food Security Policy last month.
“The government is committed to the development of the plant industry ecosystem, the adaptation of technology, and exploring the potential of future foods such as cultured meat, cultured meat products, and cell-based food,” Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim wrote on Facebook.
Malaysia joins Asia’s growing policy support for alternative protein
Thailand will soon get its first cultivated meat facility thanks to a tripartite partnership involving Israel’s Aleph Farms. Singapore, a pioneer in this space, recently opened its Food Tech Innovation Centre and granted a food license to fermentation contract manufacturer ScaleUp Bio.
“With South Korea, Thailand, and other Asian innovation hubs making their own moves to capitalise the emerging cellular agriculture space, Malaysian authorities are wise to determine which parts of the value chain they are best positioned to contribute to,” Mirte Gosker, managing director of the Good Food Institute Asia-Pacific, told Green Queen.
In his Facebook post, Anwar said: “Initiatives like modernising agriculture through the development of plant factories will bolster the agricultural technology sector, providing sustainable food alternatives to current crop production.”
He added: “As such, these initiatives must be preceded by thorough studies to ensure food quality and safety are assured.”
Gosker suggested that Malaysia has “long expressed an interest” in cultivated meat, pointing to comments by YB Datuk Arthur Joseph Kurup, the deputy minister of science, technology and innovation, at the country’s first cultivated meat conference last year.
He hailed the novel food as an opportunity to “create job opportunities and revenue while addressing national challenges such as food security, health management, and climate change”.
Malaysia needs to develop novel food framework
Courtesy: Cell Agritech
The development of a local cultivated meat industry is a core strategy of the Malaysia National Biotechnology Policy 2.0 for 2022-30. Under this initiative, the country aims to “build an ecosystem of cultivated meat/fish, food for the future by using new and latest technologies,” wrote Cell AgriTech, Malaysia’s first cultivated meat startup.
The scheme has a list of short-, medium- and long-term goals for the sector, which include developing university curricula to nurture a dedicated talent pool, forming a cellular agriculture association to foster collaboration and knowledge-sharing, developing a halal food standard for cultivated proteins, and establishing cell repositories and seed repositories.
Additionally, the programme aims to create a supply chain for the cultivated meat and seafood industry, develop affordable contract research services, and establish a regulatory framework for novel foods.
“Malaysia regulates new food types produced by ‘modern biotechnology’ under Regulation 3A – Approval for sale of food obtained through modern biotechnology of the Food Regulations 1985,” explained Gosker.
“No person shall import, prepare or advertise for sale or sell any food and food ingredients obtained through modern biotechnology without the prior written approval of the Director,” the policy states.
“Cultivated meat does not fit neatly into Malaysia’s current regulatory framework under Regulation 3A, which primarily addresses genetically modified foods. As such, there is a need for Malaysia to consider developing specific regulations or adapting existing ones to address the unique aspects of cultivated meat,” Gosker said.
“This could involve establishing a novel food framework or extending the scope of Regulation 3A to include new food production technologies like cellular agriculture, ensuring that cultivated meat products are safely and effectively regulated.”
Government support a catalyst for food tech capabilities
In 2023, Cell AgriTech partnered with Singaporean cultivated seafood producer Umami Bioworks to build Malaysia’s first cultivated meat factory. Situated in the state of Kedah, the 96,000 sq ft facility would have an annual capacity of over 3,000 tonnes of cultivated meat and seafood, and is fuelled by an investment of RM20 million (approximately $4.5M at the time) by Cell AgriTech.
The timeline of the government-backed study is unclear for now, but since the two startups have stated their intention to begin exporting products by 2025, Gosker is optimistic that the research “will help government officials determine how they can best accelerate approvals and support domestic growth of a robust ‘future foods’ sector”.
“While Malaysia’s alternative protein industry is still small, there are local innovators active in every technology pillar – plant-based, fermentation, and cultivated – who are driving domestic development,” she said.
This includes plant-based manufacturers Phuture and BaseFood, vegan brand Hoshay (owned by vegetarian food leader Everbest), biomass fermentation startup Ultimeat, and even Starbucks Malaysia (which buys plant-based products from Indonesia’s Green Rebel).
“Malaysia is a manufacturing powerhouse, and food manufacturing and processing is a significant component of the country’s economic growth,” said Gosker. “With the right government and industry support, these capabilities can be tuned to transform Malaysia into a fast-moving food tech follower that can accelerate the scale-up of alternative proteins in APAC.”
She added: “The Malaysian government’s focus on sustainability and innovation in the food sector can also create a supportive environment for the alternative protein industry, since initiatives to promote green technologies and sustainable agriculture may indirectly benefit the sector.”
Dutch food tech startup Mosa Meat conducted the first public tasting of cultivated beef in the EU, another milestone for novel foods amid fierce debate in Europe.
Mosa Meat, the Dutch startup that produced the world’s first cultivated meat burger over a decade ago, hosted a public tasting of its cultivated beef at its test kitchen in Maastricht last week (July 15).
Convening Dutch cattle farmers, food product developers and industry representatives, it marked the first time public members tasted cultivated beef in the EU. It follows the Dutch government’s establishment of a Code of Practice last year, which paved the way for startups to conduct tastings of cultivated meat and seafood before being approved for sale in the EU.
The attendees tasted hybrid beef patties, which combined cultivated beef fat with a custom plant-based mix made in-house by Mosa Meat’s product development team. Much like conventional minced beef that has varying degrees of fat (80/20, 90/10, etc.), the company is still experimenting with the optimal proportion of cultivated fat and plant-based ingredients (which are already widely accepted as food-grade and safe to eat).
Courtesy: Mosa Meat
“We specifically evaluated the potential of cultivated beef fat as an ingredient in a blend with plant-based ingredients as we know it is responsible for the flavour, aromas, mouthfeel and even sizzle people love from beef,” said Maarten Bosch, co-founder and CEO of Mosa Meat, which is awaiting regulatory approval in Singapore.
“We’ve been able to conclude that our cultivated fat has a very positive impact on the product quality,” he said. “This means that in addition to the cultivated beef for which we have submitted a regulatory approval request in Singapore, we can also elevate the culinary experience of plant-based products and delight more beef lovers faster.”
The development comes just three months after fellow Dutch startup Meatable hosted the EU’s first cultivated meat tasting, serving its hybrid pork sausages to chefs, journalists, industry stakeholders and public officials.
Cultivated beef burger impresses taste-testers
Courtesy: Mosa Meat
Mosa Meat said the purpose of the tasting was to the market readiness of products and collect feedback from culinary experts for product development purposes. “We are delighted to finally share our burgers with experts outside of the company, so they can help us create the best burgers possible,” said Bosch.
“The burger really tasted like meat,” said one attendee. “Usually I don’t eat meat, but I miss the taste of meat a lot, and this is the way to ultimately add it back to my diet, I hope.”
Another added: “I thought the burger was delicious. It was juicy, nice and succulent.”
The tasting follows the company’s latest €40M ($42.4M) fundraising round in April, which was the largest investment in a cultivated meat company since November 2022. It took total investment in the company to over $135M, and is helping Mosa Meat scale up its production processes and accelerate its route to market.
In May 2023, the startup opened what it claims is currently the world’s largest cultivated meat facility in Maastricht. This “cultivated meat campus” is its fourth plant, expanding its footprint to 7,340 sq m (79,007 sq ft), and has a 1,000-litre bioreactor scale that can produce “tens of thousands of cultivated hamburgers”.
Courtesy: Mosa Meat
When Mosa Meat first unveiled a cultivated meat burger in 2013, the two proof-of-concept patties cost $330,000. Since then, the company has since managed to slash costs repeatedly. In 2020, it brought down the price of its own growth medium by 80-fold, and the following year, it reduced the cost of its fat medium cost by 66 times.
To further these efforts, it secured a €2M grant from the EU to cut production costs by 100-fold in 2021. And in 2023, it partnered with its investor Nutreco to create a cell feed supply chain and shift to food-grade amino acids to achieve this reduction without affecting yield.
While its exact production costs are not known, the company has indicated that these have continued to decline rapidly, and it’s confident that it will enter foodservice at a price point that works for chefs and restaurants.
Mosa Meat advocates for speed efficiency in EU novel food regulation
Courtesy: Mosa Meat
Mosa Meat’s beef is still undergoing evaluation by the Singapore Food Agency, which was the first regulator to clear cultivated meat for sale with Eat Just’s Good Meat chicken back in 2020. It has since greenlit cultivated quail made by Australia’s Vow.
But the original nine- to 12-month timeline Singapore has touted has been hard to realise for multiple applicants. Apart from Mosa Meat, it’s also assessing dossiers from Meatable, Aleph Farms and Vital Meat, among others.
Like others, Mosa Meat is planning to enter the market via foodservice too, allowing chefs to bring out the true potential of its cultivated beef when consumers first try it. This also allows breathing room to expand operations and meet the volume demands of retail contracts.
While it awaits the regulatory nod in Singapore, Mosa Meat will concurrently submit applications in other markets in 2024, and has highlighted the US, the EU, Switzerland and the UK as top targets. These regions have established regulatory frameworks and represent a billion consumers combined, which would allow the company to make a larger impact.
The UK just issued its (and Europe’s) first approval to cultivated pet food maker Meatly last week. But no company has so far received clearance in the EU, where the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has a complex and stringent framework, thanks in part to the fact that it has 27 member states.
Courtesy: Mosa Meat
“We embrace the robust nature of the Commission’s review because we know it is the gold standard in the world and will inspire broad consumer confidence,” Robert E Jones, VP of public affairs at Mosa Meat, told Green Queen. But he added: “There are some efficiencies that can be achieved in the speed at which dossiers are reviewed without sacrificing safety, and we continue to work with regulators on implementing those administrative reforms.”
One example of this is the EU’s updated guidance documents for novel foods, which reflects recent advancements in the sector and capitalise on the EFSA’s increased experience in assessing novel foods. The document is set to be published in September, and was built on multiple rounds of feedback by groups like Cellular Agriculture Europe. Jones, who is president of this trade association, said: “We see it as a step in the right direction and an indication that the EU is hearing our feedback about ways to improve efficiencies in the novel food process.”
Several other hiccups exist for cultivated meat. In the US, Florida and Alabama have banned cultivated meat, and a number of states are proposing similar measures. But these were preceded by Italy, which announced a ban last November, the first of its kind anywhere in the world. France, Romania and now Hungary are all thought to be mulling restrictions too – despite consumers largely expressing support for these foods.
“While some right-wing governments insist on inserting cultivated meat as a topic in their populist culture war, they are not representative of the vast majority of the European Union,” stated Jones. “The consensus among member states remains to be that innovation and conventional agriculture can coexist in order to boost European competitiveness and food security. I am confident that viewpoint will win the day.”
In our weekly column, we round up the latest news and developments in the alternative protein and sustainable food industry. This week, Future Food Quick Bites covers VFC’s ad in response to KFC’s new campaign, a new oat milk company, and an alternative protein week.
New products and launches
Slovenian whole-cut plant-based meat producer Juicy Marbles has introduced its newest product, Baby Ribs, made with a cleaner-label recipe. The 350g pack will roll out tomorrow, and newsletter subscribers who pre-ordered the product could receive prototypes of its lamb rack or bacon.
Courtesy: Juicy Marbles
Shane Stanbridge and C-Y Chia, owners of Oakland’s now-closed Lion Dance Cafe, are working on a cookbook inspired by the vegan restaurant, and have put out an open call to ask customers which dishes they should include in the recipe list.
Catering giant Compass Group‘s Eurest division has linked up with Irish company The Plant-It Food Co to serve the latter’s vegan chicken across non-commercial operations in Seattle, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, and Philadelphia. A national rollout will follow soon.
UK plant-based brand Framptons has unveiled the Wessex Oat Company, a range of discount oat milk in original, unsweetened, oat latte, caramel latte, and chocolate flavours for £1.49-1.99. It will also introduce a single cream alternative later this year.
Courtesy: Framptons
German vegan startup Planteneers has developed a fully plant-based Italian buffet. It showcased the menu with Marriott International, preparing vegan tiramisu, white fish and mortadella sandwiches for 1,450 attendees at the Future Food-Tech trade show in San Francisco.
Meanwhile, German producer Greenforce has linked up with UAE agrifood tech company Silal to bring its dehydrated plant-based meat mixes to foodservice locations in the Middle East and Africa region.
Also in Germany, discount supermarket Kaufland has expanded its own-label vegan, K-Take It Veggie, by around 20%, crossing 100 SKUs. It comes a year after it reduced the prices of its private-label plant-based products to match animal proteins.
In Australia, vegan food maker Plantein has rolled out an affordable line of ready-to-cook meals at Woolworths stores, featuring burgers, mince and meatballs for A$2.95 ($1.97).
Courtesy: Fascin8foods
And fellow Australian company Fascin8foods has expanded its Froom range of whole-food plant-based burgers, mine and meatballs to retailers in New South Wales and Queensland.
Company and event updates
Ingredients giant AAK has received a ‘no further questions’ letter from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of shea stearin, a plant-based fat that can replace cocoa butter and coconut oil, among others.
The Plant Based Foods Association has partnered with jobs platform Tälist, enabling its members to post open positions on a specially curated version of the AltProtein.jobs board.
Courtesy: Livekindly Collective
New York-based firm Livekindly Collective – the parent company of Like Meat, No Meat, Oumph! and Alpha Foods – has named David Suarez as CEO. Suarez moves up from his previous role as chief supply chain officer.
The Cultured Meat Symposium and UC Davis’ Integrative Center for Alternative Meat and Protein (iCAMP) have collaborated to host the Alternative Protein Week (September 9-13), which will convene over 300 researchers, policymakers, investors and stakeholders to discuss novel protein production.
Two months after opening its first European plant-based production line in Germany, Dutch drinks company Refresco has acquired Spanish white-label plant-based milk maker Frías Nutrición for an undisclosed sum.
Courtesy: VFC
UK vegan chicken maker VFC has launched a new campaign taking a shot at KFC‘s Believe in Chicken campaign, calling on people to ‘Believe in Chickens’ instead. The plurality aims to highlight the fast-food giant’s “hypocrisy”.
Research, policy and awards
What really drives people away from cultivated meat? One new study suggests it could be people’s morals, with Germans and Americans who care about the purity and naturalness of life are less inclined to eat these proteins. It highlights another pain point around consumer education for the sector.
Minnesota governor Tim Walz has announced a $200M Climate Pollution Reduction Grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency to cut greenhouse gas emissions from the state’s food system
US mycelium meat producer Meati has received the Sustainable Plant of the Year award by Food Engineering magazine for its 100,000 sq ft Mega Ranch in Thornton, Colorado.
Courtesy: Meati
A campus-wide meat-free trial at the University of Bonn in Germany found that up to eight weeks after the trial ended, sales of meat were lower by 7-12% than before the veggie month, with 80% of students saying they want to see more meatless meals in the canteen.
Finally, in the UK, polling by Bosh! has revealed that nearly half (49%) of the country’s vegan population is male, subverting trends seen in previous research, which has suggested that veganism is much more common among women.
Europeans are largely in favour of cultivated meat if food regulators deem it to be safe, despite policymakers debating bans over the novel food.
In Brussels, over an informal lunch that no doubt featured meat, European leaders last week discussed the merits of cultivated meat, stemming from Hungary’s notification to the EU that it plans to ban these proteins within its borders.
But in a sign of consumer intent, a new survey has found that most Europeans are against such restrictions, and want to have the freedom to decide whether they want to eat cultivated meat or not.
Covering over 16,000 people from 15 EU countries, the YouGov poll for the Good Food Institute Europe found that Europeans mostly support the sale of cultivated meat if it passes safety assessments from food regulators. This sentiment is most popular in Portugal (69%), Germany (65%), Netherlands and Austria (both 63%). The German and Austrian results are from a separate survey conducted in March.
Courtesy: GFI Europe
The only countries where less than half of people oppose putting cultivated meat sale even after it’s okayed by regulators are Romania (49%) and France (48%), both countries that have floated the idea of banning the food and supported EU-wide efforts to restrict the industry’s progress.
“Cultivated meat must go through one of the world’s most rigorous regulatory processes before it will be available in the EU. This survey shows people across a wide range of countries believe that once it’s been approved, it should be down to consumers to decide whether or not they want to eat it,” said Seth Roberts, senior policy manager at GFI Europe.
EU citizens support meat-related terms on cultivated meat labels
The cultivated meat industry has some work to do in educating consumers, with the number of people who have heard about the food crossing 40% in only the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden and Germany. And just 21% of Italians say they know “a lot about cultivated meat”, the highest among the countries surveyed.
Courtesy: GFI Europe
Most Europeans also seem to be against banning cultivated meat, with support for legislation lowest in the Netherlands (24%), Portugal (25%) and Denmark (29%). On the flip side, 52% of people in Italy back a ban – it is the first and only country to have passed legislation to do so.
Italy’s ban on cultivated meat was also accompanied by restrictions on the use of meat-related terms on plant-based product packaging, though this is now being reconsidered. France also introduced a similar ban, but this was suspended by its top court, which questioned the law’s legality.
The survey showed that – despite cited concerns about consumer confusion – Europeans are happy for cultivated meat products to use meaty names, as long as it’s made clear that they aren’t sourced from livestock farming. This sentiment was particularly strong across the EU, with majorities in every country, led by Spain (81%), Portugal, Hungary, Czechia and Greece (all 79%).
Courtesy: GFI Europe
Respondents were more split on whether cultivated meat should receive R&D funding from governments, and if farmers should benefit from its opportunities. That said, Europeans are clear that if cultivated meat does come to market, it should be produced domestically, with only Romanians in the minority here (38%). Consumers further believe that decisions to approve cultivated meat should be independent of any commercial interests.
“It’s great to see so many Europeans are ready for its arrival as part of a diversified food system. Policymakers should recognise cultivated meat’s potential to boost food security by supporting this rapidly growing sector,” said Roberts.
EU leaders divided over cultivated meat
GFI Europe found that most Europeans are open to trying cultivated meat, with support highest in Portugal (63%), Czechia and the Netherlands (59%). Romania was the only country with less than four in 10 consumers willing to try cultivated meat at least once (35%).
However, when it comes to displacing meat, EU citizens are more hesitant. Less than a third (31%) of Dutch nationals would replace some of their current meat consumption with cultivated meat, and this is the highest among all countries. Romania is once again the least willing to do so (17%), alongside Greece. – in fact, both these nations have the highest number of people who say they’ll never eat cultivated meat (53% and 49%, respectively).
Courtesy: GFI Europe
But most Europeans believe they’re eating too much meat, overwhelmingly so in Greece (79%), Portugal (74%) and Italy (70%). The latter two are also where consumer most want to reduce their meat intake (63% and 60%, respectively). It shows that at the moment, cultivated meat is leaving a little to be desired.
At the EU’s Agriculture and Fisheries (Agrifish) Council meeting earlier this month, a note by the Hungarian presidency called for efforts to “protect” Europe’s culinary traditions from novel foods like cultivated meat and plant-based analogues. It was received positively by Italy and Austria, which would come as no surprise given the two were leading similar efforts (alongside France) at the council’s January meeting.
However, leaders from Spain and Germany pushed back. “I was born in Valencia, and I feel very proud of paella, which is a great culinary tradition and a great product,” said Spanish agriculture minister Luis Planas, before adding that these traditional foods “should not be an excuse to put a blindfold on innovation in food production”.
“Allow me a democratic consideration: in the end, the one who is right is the consumer. And if the consumer asks for new products, we will have to take them into account,” he stated.
Courtesy: Meatly
Cem Özdemir, Germany’s agrifood minister, echoed this sentiment. “I’m very proud of my local food… but I am not in favour of forcing people to eat this or that,” he said. “If people want novel foods, what’s wrong with it? It is the people that have to decide.”
Thanks to its rigorous and complex regulatory framework, no company has received approval to sell cultivated meat in the EU so far. Startups have been looking to more receptive markets like Singapore and the US. The pressure was racked up last week after the UK – a former EU member – became the first in the continent to clear cultivated meat for sale (greenlighting Meatly’s chicken for pets). Meanwhile, Switzerland (another non-EU state) is also reviewing an application for cultivated beef.
A new economic bill in Massachusetts pledges investment into alternative proteins, with Senator Barry Finegold calling food science a climate and health priority for the state.
If you’re caught trespassing or creating a public nuisance in Florida, you could go to jail for two months. Same thing if you sell cultivated meat.
The debate around alternative proteins has become increasingly polarised in the US, with many policymakers trying to create a divide among partisan lines. Florida has banned companies from making or selling cultivated meat in its borders. From October, so too will Alabama.
That said, the White House and states like California and Illinois have been pouring in millions to support alternative proteins, signalling that not everyone finds a modern piece of chicken a threat to farmers, the economy, and the fabric of American society.
Massachusetts – home to Tufts University and its Center for Cellular Agriculture – is one of these proponents. In its new Economic Development Bill, passed last week, the Bay State has put its weight behind climate tech and alternative proteins.
“We feel that food science is going to be a big part of the future. And food science is not only good for the economy, it’s good for the climate, and it’s good for our health,” state Senator Barry Finegold, chairperson of the Joint Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies, tells Green Queen.
“We are looking at trying to help grow our companies and helping them with research, helping them with infrastructure, and helping them develop their products,” he adds.
“Massachusetts recognises the economic benefits of this sector, the enormous job creation potential, the climate benefits, and the ability for alternative proteins to help tackle food insecurity and a slew of individual and public health issues,” notes Noa Dalzell, state policy director at non-profit Food Solutions Action.
“The state has historically been at the forefront of emerging technologies and innovation, and this alternative protein investment signals it will continue to lead on the most critical new innovations in sustainability,” she says.
Massachusetts looks to be ‘food tech leader’ globally
As part of the Economic Development Bill (S.2856), the Massachusetts Senate is pledging $2.8B in funding, with grants for climate tech and adaptation finance for coastal municipalities. The House version of the bill (H. 4804) – passed in June – is effectively the same.
Alternative proteins appear thrice in the list of investments. First, there’s a $5M grant to local companies in support of developing these novel foods, who can apply for the funding via state VC firm MassVentures’ START programme. This involves the assistance of a Small Business Innovation Research or Small Business Technology Transfer grant from federal agencies like the USDA, the FDA or the National Science Foundation.
Another $5M is earmarked for the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MassTech) – a public agency – to match grants that support alternative proteins among private entities, higher education institutes, NGOs, and other organisations in the state. These grants must be administered in alignment with the goals and priorities of the state’s manufacturing collaborative, and promote “geographic, social and economic equity”.
Finally, the government will pour in $115M for a competitive programme by MassTech, centred on infrastructure support to advance the state’s leadership and increase jobs in key emerging tech sectors. This includes developing alternative proteins – with the bill namechecking plant-based, fermented and cultivated foods – with “sensory characteristics that are consistent with conventional meat and dairy”.
“What we’re focused on right now is trying to encourage companies from all over the country to come here, and we feel that with our package, I think it’s very enticing for people to come to Massachusetts,” says Finegold.
When it comes to food tech, he adds that the state is looking “not only to be a leader in the United States, but also to be a leader around the world”. Countries like Singapore, Israel and now the UK have all made progress with regulatory approvals. And two companies have received clearance to sell cultivated meat in the US, and both are from California.
Meanwhile, as part of a $100M pledge, the Bezos Earth Fund opened a Center for Sustainable Protein in North Carolina State University in May to advance alternative protein research.
‘Lawmakers have to take science seriously’
Courtesy: Alonso Nichols/Tufts University
Massachusetts’ bill is a big vote of confidence for alternative proteins – particularly cultivated meat, which has been marred by dubious claims about being unnatural, unhealthy and even bad for the climate.
This industry needs a win, and Finegold’s recognition that it’s good for the economy, health and environment has delivered that.
I ask the Senator what he thinks about the bans in Florida and Alabama. “I’m not concerned about what other states are doing,” he said. “What I’m focused on is what Massachusetts is doing and I’m very proud that Massachusetts is a leader when it comes to trying to preserve the world, make a healthier society, and create economic opportunity for its people.”
Perhaps not surprisingly given the state of US politics today, he doesn’t believe support for alternative proteins is an issue that would sway a person to vote or not vote for someone. “I think it’s incumbent on us lawmakers to think long-term,” he says. “If we’re concerned about climate change, if we’re concerned about people’s health, then I think we have to take science seriously. And that’s what we’re doing here in Massachusetts.”
Does he believe these restrictions hinder consumer choice and climate action? “I was travelling yesterday. I was at the Delta Lounge and they had plant-based chicken, and I didn’t see anybody hesitating to eat that type of food. So I just think it takes time,” he responds.
“And I think Massachusetts has always been a leader in challenging thought, and getting people to change their behaviours, and how they think about things.”
Finegold said the final points of the bill are still being negotiated, but expects it to be finalised in the next few weeks. When asked about foreign investment and talent, he says the state is ready for “all businesses in food science and technology with open arms.”
“Massachusetts has always been an open state, and welcomes talent from all over the world to come here and work with our companies,” he adds. “Whether the companies decide to take investment from domestic or international, that’s ultimately up to them.”
US states ‘recognising’ the potential of alternative proteins
Courtesy: Green Queen
A recent poll showed that cultivated meat acceptance skews higher among Democrats than Republicans. With Donald Trump picking a climate sceptic in JD Vance as his running mate, how would the upcoming election affect this sector?
“Both Republican and Democratic administrations over the years have supported agencies conducting this research, and we’re grateful to have bipartisan support for this research area needed for a more secure food future,” Dalzell states.
“As you can see in this official statement, under President Trump, USDA secretary [Sonny] Perdue and FDA commissioner [Scott] Gottlieb expressed support for the proposed USDA/FDA framework of overseeing cultivated meat regulation.
Speaking at the IFT First trade event this week, Bruce Friedrich, president of alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute, said he expects the cultivated meat bans in Florida and Alabama to be “quietly repealed”, at least “before they’re meaningful”. He labelled it as “no big loss”, as companies don’t need to sell in these states anytime soon.
But Nusa Urbancic, CEO of the Changing Markets Foundation, suggested otherwise in a chat with Green Queen: “I think the Big Ag has only got started when it comes to bans and restrictions on its competition. Without a very smart and well-resourced counteroffensive, the troubles for the alternative protein industry could continue.”
Dalzell believes it’s hard to gauge exactly where things are going to go. “But what I can say is that states across the country are recognising this is a sector that needs to be invested in because of both the economic potential and its ability to tackle a myriad of social issues,” she explains.
“Perhaps most importantly, because meat demand is projected to double over the next 25 years, states are recognising they need to invest in alternatives to complement existing protein forms.”
Cult Food Science subsidiary Further Foods will submit its design of feeding trials to the FDA later this month, in pursuit of regulatory approval for cultivated chicken for dogs.
Further Foods, a subsidiary of Canadian cellular agriculture platform Cult Food Science, is pursuing US regulatory clearance for cultivated pet food under the Noochies! brand.
The company will soon complete the design of the necessary feeding trials for the approval of dog treats containing cultivated chicken, and expects to submit the protocol to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later this month.
Further Foods intends to begin the trials in Q4 once the FDA has approved its design. It hopes to receive the regulatory greenlight and launch its initial products early next year, Cult Food Science CEO Mitchell Scott told Green Queen.
How novel pet food feeding trials work
Courtesy: Andresr/Getty Images
In the US, novel pet food sits under the same regulatory umbrella as feed ingredients. This is overseen by the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine, which also works in partnership with the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), an independent non-profit that sets standards for these ingredients in the US.
One of the ways to ensure that new ingredients are nutritionally adequate, safe and healthy for animals is to undertake feeding trials using guidelines designed by AAFCO.
Since the cultivated chicken in dog treats is a new ingredient without prior approval, Further Foods has partnered with veterinarian Dr Sarah Dodd to design a target animal safety (TAS) study. The goal is to establish that including cultivated chicken in future Noochies! formulations is safe and effective.
Once it submits the design protocol to the FDA, the federal regulator will respond within 45 days. “The next step after receiving feedback on our feeding trial design from the FDA will be to undertake the feeding trials,” said Scott.
The TAS study is designed to provide evidence that cultivated chicken is safe and useful for its intended purpose as a complementary source of protein in dog food. Under AAFCO guidelines, “adult maintenance” studies must include a minimum of eight dogs aged at least one, and the trial must last 26 weeks.
Further Foods’ design includes 30 healthy, adult dogs of different breeds and ages, who will either receive a control dose, test dose or high inclusion dose for the 26-week period. Among the parameters monitored are feed intake data, haematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, weight, faecal analysis, and digestibility factors.
If it meets the criteria – which state that there should be no signs of nutritional deficiency or toxicity, and the group average shouldn’t lose more than 10% of body weight, among others – then the food is classed as “complete and balanced”.
“There will be some additional work required after the approval, some of it can be done in parallel with the feeding trial,” said Scott.
Noochies! cultivated dog treats to cost the same as premium pet food
Courtesy: Veronika Dvorakova
Cult Food Science claims Further Foods is the only company in consultation with the FDA about feeding trials for cultivated chicken dog treats.
“We believe that the implications of a successful trial could change the landscape of pet food as a whole,” Scott said in a statement. “The regulatory pathways have yet to be successfully navigated and as a result, this is not currently an option in North America. We are seeking to be a first mover in changing that and look forward to advancing this trial with Dr Sarah Dodd and the FDA.”
Dodd is part of the founding team of Friends & Family Pet Food Co., another cultivated pet food company that is currently developing white fish for cats with Umami Bioworks. Asked if there was any conflict of interest, Scott said: “My understanding is that Dr Dodd is involved with a large number of different pet-related companies.”
The cultivated dog treats will usher in a new era for Noochies!, which was launched by former Cult Food Science VP Joshua Errett (who is also a co-founder of Friends & Family) in 2019. It produces vegan dog and cat snacks using Cult Food Science’s patented Bmmune ingredient, a blend of nutritional yeast and fermented fungi.
In May, the parent company raised CAD$800,000 ($584,000) to expand the Noochies! lineup. “We are currently building out our sales and distribution network with the Noochies! line of vegan treats and plan on launching the cultivated products into that network,” confirmed Scott.
The cultivated dog treats will also contain the “proprietary blend of bioactive fermentation ingredients and nutritional yeast (Bmmune)” that can be found in the current vegan range. Further Foods is targeting an omnichannel approach instead of focusing purely on B2B or B2C, with Scott describing it as the “most effective way to build and scale a brand”.
“For the current Noochies line, we are able to scale quickly to meet demand and have no production constraints,” he said when asked about the cost and manufacturing challenges. “For this new line of products, we expect to be both profitable and priced in line with other premium alternatives from the outset.”
Cult Food Science’s announcement culminates what has been a seminal week for the cultivated pet food industry. On Wednesday, London-based Meatly announced it had received the regulatory go-ahead in the UK, a first for cultivated meat in Europe and for pet food globally. It aims to start selling cultivated chicken for dogs by the end of the year.
Friends & Family Pet Food Co. has partnered with cultivated seafood company Umami Bioworks to roll out treats and supplements for cats.
It’s a big week for cultivated pet food.
On Wednesday, London-based startup Meatly announced it had received regulatory approval to sell its cultivated chicken for pets in the UK, the first company to receive the greenlight anywhere in Europe.
The same day, in the US, a new alternative protein brand for cats and dogs has come on the horizon, and is hoping to bring cultivated seafood for pets to market next year.
San Francisco’s Friends & Family Pet Food Co. has partnered with Singaporean cultivated seafood producer Umami Bioworks to launch cat treats in both geographies by early 2025.
Part of ProVeg International’s 12th incubator, the pet food startup is the brainchild of CEO Joshua Errett – former VP at Cult Food Science – pet industry veteran COO Jonny Cruz, and veterinarian and chief science officer Sarah Dodd.
“Friends & Family is a brand for cultivated meat and fish, precision fermentation and any sustainable ingredient that can replace animal proteins,” says Errett, who is also the former co-founder of cultivated pet food startup BioCraft Pet Nutrition (previously Because Animals).
“We partner with top-tier startups and scientists making animal-free ingredients, and give them a path to market using our proprietary pet food platform,” he adds. “Umami Bioworks is our first and most important partnership, and we have some other big names in the pipeline.”
He continues: “My team and I have each been in the pet food space for a decade or more, so we have manufacturing, distribution and retail relationships in place. We have plans for treats, supplements and complete and balanced foods for both dogs and cats.”
“I have perhaps a childlike view that there are only two kinds of animals. Friends – wolves, sea bass, porcupines, pigs, giraffes, squirrels, and all the other wild and farmed animals – and family – the beloved animals that live with me, my cats,” Errett explains. “I want them both to live to their full potential. That’s the entire point of our company.”
Cultivated cat treats to contain white fish
Courtesy: Friends & Family Pet Food Co.
The cat treats will be packaged as bars and in bags, and contain a white fish blend “similar to the fish meal that’s in commercial caught-fish pet foods today”, according to Errett.
“We are developing two white fish species,” says Mihir Pershad, founder and CEO of Umami Bioworks, which recently merged with fellow Singaporean cultivated seafood player Shiok Meats.
“Both species have strong existing consumer awareness and market appeal. The rest of the formulation is a proprietary blend developed by Josh and his team to deliver excellent nutrition, health, and flavour.”
Errett says Friends & Family prefers minimally processed foods. “A huge problem in pet food, from my personal perspective, is high-heat extrusion, which produces kibble,” he notes. “For nutritional reasons, I don’t believe it should be a cat or dog’s everyday diet. So we will avoid that.”
Umami Bioworks, which recently established partnerships in India too, is currently scaling up its cultivated fish production in Malaysia, and establishing a pilot line at another site. “Our capacity is in the tens of kgs, but we are rapidly working towards ton-scale capacity for our pilot line,” says Pershad.
Friends & Family, which is now raising capital, enters a market that has seen major advancements recently. Both Meatly and BioCraft Pet Nutrition have slashed the costs of their innovations by reimagining culture media.
Czech startup Bene Meat Technologies, meanwhile, was the first cultivated meat startup to be listed on the EU’s feed register (which is different from regulatory approval for consumption), and showcased its product at the Interzoo trade fair in Nuremberg in May.
Regulatory clearance expected by end of 2024
Courtesy: Friends & Family Pet Food Co.
Like most pet food, these cat treats won’t be 100% cultivated meat, instead being combined with plant-based ingredients and high-value microalgae. They’re said to contain all essential nutrients. “Few, if any, pet food companies will reveal how much meat is in their products. I think most consumers would be shocked at the actual meat inclusion in commercial pet food,” claims Errett.
“We’re building in public and transparency is a pillar for us, so I don’t mind saying we’re aiming for 25-30% cultivated fish inclusion. On the launch of this treat, it will be up to 10%, depending on regulations we’re working through.”
Speaking of which, Errett and Parshad both confirm that the startups are in talks with regulators in both the US and Singapore, which were – before this year – the only two countries where cultivated meat was cleared for sale.
“Both Umami and Friends & Family are working hard to secure our first approval before the end of 2024,” says Pershad. “Given the advanced stage of our discussions and our dossier preparation, we are confident in our Q1 2025 timeline for launch.”
Errett adds: We’ll have production spaces in both the US and southeast Asia, to service the San Francisco Bay Area and Singapore. Our capacity will be limited at launch, much like other cultivated meat production. We’ll be able to feed a lot of pets in our limited markets at launch, and then scale over time.”
An ‘antidote for the slowdown in alternative proteins’
Friends & Family Pet Food Co. founders Joshua Errett, Dr Sarah Dodd and Jonny Cruz | Courtesy: Friends & Family Pet Food Co.
Errett has been in the alternative protein industry for a while. In 2016, he co-founded BioCraft Pet Nutrition with CEO Shannon Falconer. Then, he founded vegan dog treats brand Noochies, which was acquired by Cult Food Science, where he served as a VP until December 2023.
“Obviously, I’m a big believer in that brand,” Errett says of Noochies. “I’m still on all the Noochies packaging and site as its founder, and I consult with Cult weekly on pet food matters. But I am not involved with the day-to-day operations, or in any other way.”
Asked why he left Cult, he explains: “I am an entrepreneur at heart. I learned that over years [of] working in banking, government and venture capital – and over a few different startups in the pet space. I’ve worked with my co-founders Jonny Cruz and Dr Sarah Dodd for years, formulating successful products together over a couple [of] different companies now. So it made sense that we start our own venture.”
When Errett was at Cult Food Science, the company had partnered with Umami Bioworks to co-launch Marina Cat, a cultivated cat food brand. Friends & Family is a separate entity, and Errett confirms he is no longer involved in Marina Cat.
“Our solution will be, I think, the antidote for the slowdown in alternative proteins – we take cultivated and precision fermentation ingredients out of the lab and make commercially viable, profitable products for today’s pet food market,” he explains. “Our partners can get early revenue and product-market fit as they scale to become world-changing ingredient companies. The motto is [to] get to the consumer as fast as possible.”
London-based Meatly is now allowed to sell its cultivated meat for pets in the UK, marking Europe’s first approval for these proteins, and the world’s first for pet food.
Meatly has become the first company to be approved to sell cultivated meat in Europe, after UK regulators gave the green light to the startup earlier this month.
Following the decision by the Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA) on July 2, Meatly can supply its cultivated chicken to dog food manufacturers, marking the first time a cultivated pet food product is cleared for sale anywhere in the world.
It signals the end of Meatly’s 18-month-long consultation process with government bodies in the UK, which joins Singapore, the US and Israel as the fourth country to approve cultivated meat.
The startup plans to launch the first samples of its dog food before the end of the year, beyond which, it will focus on reducing costs. Having secured £3.6M in investment to date, Meatly is now targeting a Series A round, which will help it scale up production to reach industrial volumes in the next three years.
“We’re currently conducting product development and conducting feeding trials on dogs,” Meatly CEO Owen Ensor told Green Queen. “We’re primarily focused on wet pet food for now.”
“Meatly’s regulatory approval is a landmark event for the industry,” said Jim Mellon, founder of Agronomics, an investor in Meatly. “Through its technological innovation and close work with governing authorities, Meatly is helping prove that we can succeed in commercialising cultivated products for pets across the UK.”
“The UK is a world leader in developing cultivated meat and the approval of a cultivated pet food is an important milestone. It underscores the potential for new innovation to help reduce the negative impacts of intensive animal agriculture,” said Linus Pardoe, UK policy manager for alternative protein think tank the Good Food Institute (GFI) Europe.
Meatly to focus on driving down costs
Courtesy: Meatly
Meatly’s approval comes after assessments from the Food Standards Agency (FSA), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the APHA. These government agencies ensured that it complied with all necessary regulations, with the startup’s technology passing the APHA’s rigorous inspection process.
The company has also registered as a feed business operator, and its production facility has been approved by Defra and APHA to produce and handle cultivated chicken.
In addition, it has prepared a comprehensive safety dossier and conducted extensive testing to demonstrate that cultivated chicken is safe and healthy for pets, and contains no GMOs, antibiotics, harmful pathogens, heavy metals and other impurities.
The regulatory approval follows Meatly’s breakthrough in slashing the costs involved with making its cultivated chicken. Culture media, a mix of nutrients that facilitate the growth of animal cells, account for the majority of the production costs. But in May, the startup developed a protein-free version that brought down the price tag from hundreds of pounds to just £1 ($1.25).
“Protein-free media in biopharma is not kind of new, but in cultivated meat is,” Helder Cruz, Meatly’s co-founder and chief scientific officer, told Green Queen in an interview earlier this month. “And it depends also on the type of cells on the species – some are a bit more challenging than others.”
He added that Meatly’s objective had always been to ensure that its processes are “realisable, cost-effective, and food-safe”. The chicken costs in the “double figures” in pounds sterling per kg,
“Currently, we’d price our pet food within the premium market, but we’re aiming to reduce this cost as we scale and develop our product,” Ensor told Green Queen. “One advantage of pet food is that mainstream pet foods are all combinations of meat and other ingredients, so we’re able to further reduce costs here by mixing the meat with other healthy plant-based ingredients.”
First cultivated chicken product will be hybrid meat
Courtesy: Meatly
While Meatly had previously floated cat food as its first product, it pivoted to dog food in recent months. It has already shipped some of its chicken to pet food manufacturers, who can run their own nutrition tests and try different formulations.
Ensor previously revealed to Green Queen that the company had partnered with “one of the UK’s leading dog food brands” for its first launch. Pressed on this, he said: “We’ll be announcing that after the feeding trials are conducted, but we’re actively working with several leading pet food manufacturers.”
But as he alluded to above, this won’t be 100% cultivated dog food. Instead, Meatly will be taking the hybrid meat approach, which involves combining cultivated cells with plant-based ingredients. This helps keep costs low and makes more sense with its current rate of production.
“What you find typically in pet foods, the meat content… depending on the brand, is typically in that 20-30% window. We’ll probably start slightly lower just because of limited supply,” Ensor has previously explained.
Asked how much of the cultivated meat would make it into the finished products, he said: “The final product will be decided by pet food manufacturers who will sell to. Most pet food on the market are combinations of meat and other plant-based ingredients, to create nutritionally balanced, complete pet food. Products made with Meatly Chicken will be similar.”
Even at lower inclusion rates, the chicken has a great palatability impact, according to the co-founder. “I’ve fed it to my cats several times and they love it! We’re now conducting comprehensive feeding trials on dogs as well and will be sharing the results once complete,” he siad.
One thing is certain: whenever Meatly’s products do come to market, they’ll roll out at Pets At Home, the UK’s leading pet retailer. It invested in the alternative protein startup’s last fundraising round, and represents the “pinnacle” for pet food companies, according to Ensor.
Brits are receptive to cultivated meat for pets
Courtesy: Meatly
Pet ownership is increasing, but so is the carbon footprint attached to feeding our furry friends. While experts disagree over the true emissions stemming from pet food, one study suggests that 20% of all meta produced is used for pet food.
What is undisputed is that meat is the most carbon-intensive food group on Earth, making up 60% of the food system’s emissions (twice more than what’s generated by plant-based foods). In the UK, pets eat more per year than the entire population under 18, and labradors – the most popular pet dogs in the country – consume 70 million kg of meat annually, nearly 60% more than their owners.
The fact that Meatly is focusing on wet food is crucial, given that wet food can emit up to seven times more CO2e than dry pet food. Meanwhile, growing livestock and their feed take up 85% of the UK’s farmland. Meatly’s cultivated chicken, on the other hand, has been found to use up to 64% less land and 28% less water to produce.
And it seems that both farmers and consumers are becoming warmer to the idea of cultivated meat. Reserach by the Royal Agricultural University has found that farmers do recognise the potential benefits of these novel foods. And a 2022 study suggested that even if only a third of Brits would try cultivated meat themselves, nearly half (47%) would feed it to their pets.
The main concern that came out of the latter research was nutrition. “We’ve done a lot of nutritional analysis, safety analysis on the product,” Ensor said. “It shows us a very similar nutritional profile to chicken breast and has all of the essential amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins that cats and dogs need to thrive.”
Third approval for cultivated meat in 2024
Courtesy: Meatly
Meatly’s approval is a major breakthrough in Europe. For years, the UK has been following the EU’s novel food regulations, even after Brexit. The EU’s complicated framework – partly due to the sheer number of member states – has meant progress on approvals has been non-existent.
The FSA has been attempting to break away from the EU legislation and overhaul the UK’s regulatory process to gain a competitive advantage. Currently, companies face up to 36 months of waiting before they get the go-ahead. But there are concerns that the newly elected Labour government could jeopardise the proposals due to the initial costs involved.
“I think we’re still waiting for a clear perspective from the Labour government. Alternative proteins and biotechnology would seem to fit very well, however, with their push for a sustainable, innovative economy,” said Ensor.
For its part, the FSA said it “welcomes innovations by the animal feed sector” for using alternative proteins like cultivated meat in a safe manner. “The safety of such products, including pet food which is regulated as an animal feed, remains paramount and the FSA closely monitors any new product coming on to the market,” James Cooper, deputy director of food policy at the department, told the Financial Times.
This is the third regulatory approval for cultivated meat globally in 2024. The year began with Israel’s clearance of local cultivated beef producer Aleph Farms, with Australia’s Vow obtaining the go-ahead three months later in Singapore (it is currently under consideration in Australia and New Zealand as well).
Singapore – which was the first country to allow cultivated meat to be sold in 2020 – is also assessing dossiers from Dutch cultivated pork startup Meatly, and French cultivated chicken maker Vital Meat. These followed the US’s clearance of Upside Foods and Good Meat’s cultivated chicken products in June 2023.
Aleph Farms and Vital Meat have also filed applications in the UK, but given that their products are made for human consumption, the process is more complex and time-intensive. “If we’re to realise the full potential benefits of cultivated meat – from enhancing food security to supporting the expansion of regenerative farming – the government must invest in the research and infrastructure needed to make it delicious, affordable and accessible for people across the UK,” said GFI Europe’s Pardoe.
And while some governments – like Italy and the US states of Florida and Alabama – have banned cultivated meat, others have made advancements. South Korea is now accepting applications after developing a framework earlier this year, for example, while India is establishing guidance for approvals as well.