Category: Public health

  • Mental illness has historically dwelt in the shadows of the global health and development agenda and only recently has moved from the margins to become a central priority in research and policy. Mental disorders account for 30% of the worldwide non-fatal disease burden and 10% of the overall disease burden, including death and disability, and the cost to the global economy is estimated to reach as high as USD 6 trillion by 2030. Large middle- and low-income countries like Indonesia struggle with a plethora of challenges in delivering adequate mental health care to its 270.2 million citizens. Centralised funding for Indonesian mental health is only 1% of the national health budget; health expenditure is around 3% of GDP. National health programming such as Indonesia Sehat, the incorporation of mental health into primary care basic standards and voluntary contributions from provincial budgets does provide some additional resources. However, there is a severe shortage of mental health personnel, treatment and care facilities, especially outside the island of Java.

    Estimations based on the 2018 Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) indicate there are 450 000 families in Indonesia with at least one member diagnosed with schizophrenia; given the high level of stigma against mental illness and psychosocial disabilities, we suggest this number is much larger. Many of these people are subject to human rights abuses, being left to languish in cages, stocks or chains referred to as Pasung. Human Rights Watch estimated that 12,800 people were experiencing Pasung at the end of 2018. Over 26.23 million people, more than the entire population of Australia, suffer from clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety and depression and 16.33 million likely meet the diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder.

    Although there is a shift to community-based outpatient models of care, Indonesia’s 48 mental  hospitals and 269 psychiatric wards in general hospitals are still the primary sources of care. There are just over 1000 registered psychiatrists, 2000 clinical psychologists, 7000 community mental health nurses, 1500 mental health trained GPs and 7000 lay mental health workers unevenly distributed across the archipelago, (Ministry of Health Regulation on Pasung Management, 2017; Pols, 2020). Need outstrips supply, with eight provinces without a mental hospital: three of these hospitals without a single psychiatrist. Less than half of all primary care centres and only 56% of government district hospitals are equipped to handle mental health cases. Fortunately, there are many passionate and committed mental health personnel, government officials, academics, consumer group founders and mental health advocates who are working tirelessly to implement the vision embodied by the 2014 Indonesian Mental Health Law. Our webinar for World Mental Health Day is a small sample of these extraordinary individuals, who will share their experiences in Indonesian mental health.

    Dr Nova Riyanti Yusuf, a psychiatrist, legislator (member of the DPR from 2009-14 and 2018-19), novelist, scholar, television personality and activist, was one of the driving forces behind the 2014 mental health law. She will talk about the ongoing journey of the mental health law, what its vision is for Indonesian mental health and the current state of implementation at the grass roots level. Professor Hans Pols, a renown psychiatric historian based at University of Sydney and expert on Indonesian mental health will then take us through a brief history of Indonesian Psychiatry and will talk about some of the emerging trends for the future of the profession across the archipelago. Anto Sg, Pasung survivor and current recipient of an Australia Award currently studying a Master of Health Promotion at Deakin University, will share his person experience of Pasung and introduce the survivor or consumer group movement in Indonesia. Dr Erminia Colucci currently based at Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, UK will is working with the Center for Public Mental Health (CPMH), Psychology at the University of Gadjah Mada and Ade Prastyani, GP and scholar on traditional healing approaches to mental health. We will show a short exert of their upcoming film produced by their collaborative Together4MentalHealth. After which, CPMH director, distinguished academic and clinical psychologist Dr Diana Setiyawati will provide us with a current update on community mental health initiatives in the age of Covid19. Aliza Hunt, Centre for Mental Health Research PhD Candidate and Endeavour Scholar at the ANU is chairing the session.

    The post Video: Mental health in Indonesia: then, now and things to come appeared first on New Mandala.

    This post was originally published on New Mandala.

  • RNZ News

    New Zealand’s first case of omicron has been identified, as the country hit its 90 percent full vaccination target today, children between five and 11 will be able to get the vaccine, and protesters marched on Parliament demanding an end to vaccine mandates and restrictions.

    Here is how the day unfolded:

    The first case of omicron was detected in New Zealand.

    A person who was double-vaccinated tested positive for the virus on Sunday after arriving in the country from Germany in Auckland via Dubai.

    They have now been moved to the quarantine facility at the Sudima Hotel in Christchurch.

    The person will spend a full 14 days in quarantine — and all those on the same flights and hotel floor will have to remain in their hotel for 10 days.

    Director-General of Health Dr Ashley Bloomfield is not ruling out using localised lockdowns if the omicron variant slips into the community.

    University of Otago epidemiologist Michael Baker said even one case of omicron in the community should be enough to prompt a localised lockdown.

    Vaccination milestone
    The country has hit its 90 percent full vaccination target against covid-19.

    The official count came through overnight, meaning nearly 3.8 million people have had two vaccine doses.

    Seven of the country’s 20 district health boards (DHBs) have reached the 90 percent mark for second doses, including all three in Auckland.

    And 94 percent of the eligible population nationwide have had their first dose.

    Meanwhile, Medsafe has granted provisional approval for the Pfizer covid-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years old.

    Cabinet will now consider advice from officials and the Health Ministry before deciding when and how to roll out the vaccine across the country.

    If approved, the programme is expected to start next month.

    The two-dose vaccine is an adapted version of the adult version.

    The ministry said work was well underway to ensure a safe and efficient rollout.

    Protesting vaccine mandates and restrictions
    About 3000 people marched from Civic Square to Parliament today to demand an end to the covid-19 vaccination mandates and traffic light restrictions.

    The protest — organised by Destiny Church leader Brian Tamaki’s Freedom and Rights Coalition — took place the day after Parliament rose for the year.

    Police had to close off Willis Street and part of Lambton Quay.

    Metlink services which led to the Lambton Quay Interchange were diverted while the protest was underway.

    Protesters held a banner reading “Labour Must Go”.

    Parliamentary Security fenced off the forecourt to prevent any protesters entering the Parliament building, and staff were warned to stay away from the windows.

    About 50 police officers stood on the forecourt.

    The numbers

    • There were 91 new cases of covid-19 in the community today.
    • Two are in Northland, seven are in Waikato/King Country, 10 in Bay of Plenty, one in Rotorua, 16 in Taranaki and the remaining cases in Auckland.
    • The new cases in Northland are in Ruakākā.
    • In Taranaki, the new cases are in Eltham, but all but one of them were reported yesterday.
    • Fifty eight people are in hospital, with four in either ICU or a high dependency unit.
    • A wastewater sample collected from Gisborne on Tuesday detected the virus.
    • This is the sixth positive wastewater result for Tairāwhiti in recent weeks, indicating there may be unknown cases in the community.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ News

    Aucklanders are travelling out of New Zealand’s largest city today as the border around Tāmaki Makaurau opens for the first time in 120 days.

    Police said traffic was flowing freely early this morning.

    Waka Kotahi and the police removed checkpoints to the north and south of the region since the midnight change in restrictions.

    Spot checks are happening on roads out of the city, at the airport, and at two new checkpoints in Northland.

    The new checkpoints were set at Uretiti on SH1 and on SH12 at Maungaturoto, for northbound traffic only.

    Anyone can leave Auckland with proof they are double vaccinated or have recently tested negative for covid-19.

    Transport operators will also be checking on passengers’ status.

    Even with border restrictions in place, more than 2 million cars have passed through the northern and southern boundaries since the end of August, mostly carrying essential workers.

    News reports said that 12,000 people were booked on Air New Zealand flights out of the city today.

    80 new community cases
    The Ministry of Health reported 80 new community cases of covid-19 yesterday with two new cases identified at the border.

    In a statement, the ministry also reported that several members of a flight crew had been identified as close contacts of a omicron variant case in Australia.

    “These crew members arrived in New Zealand last night and are in a MIQ facility, as per standard international air crew arrival procedure,” the statement said.

    Of the new community cases today, 51 are in Auckland, 21 in Waikato, seven in Bay of Plenty and one in the Taupō district.

    The ministry also announced an additional case in Canterbury today, which will be officially counted in today’s case numbers.

    There are now 9890 community cases in the current outbreak. The number of active cases is 6863.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ News

    A New Zealand nurse has been referred to a professional conduct committee by the Nursing Council after posting threats online against medical professionals involved in the national covid-19 vaccine rollout.

    Multiple agencies are investigating after the registered Dunedin nurse posted a video to social media “declaring war” against covid-19 vaccinators and calling medical professionals taking part in the vaccine rollout her “enemies”.

    Under the pseudonym Lauren Hill, the nurse posted a message to an anti-vax group on social media app Telegram.

    In the video she said she was in a rage and called on the Prime Minister, the Covid-19 Response Minister and the Director-General of Health to “cease and desist” in the rollout of the vaccine to five to 11-year-olds.

    RNZ can confirm the woman in the video is Dunedin nurse Lauren Bransgrove, who has been taking part in Voices for Freedom anti vax events in the southern city.

    The Ministry of Health is aware of the matter and has said they were concerned.

    Police, ACC and the Nursing Council are also aware of the post.

    ‘Resistance’ to monitor schools
    In the message, Bransgrove called on fellow antivaxxers — referring to them as “the resistance” — to organise and prepare to monitor schools every day so they could attack vaccination buses when they turned up.

    “We do everything we can to stand in the way of you injecting this poison into our children. We will rip the bribes from your hands, we will slash your tyres, and we will remove the poison from the truck. This is not inciting violence, this is inciting self-defence, especially for our youngest people,” she said during the two minute and 23 second long rant.

    “So cease and desist now, because this is war. And to the doctors and nurses that are still allowing this to happen, that have seen what is happening in the hospitals and refuse to speak out, I do not consider you a colleague, I consider you an enemy.”

    Screengrab of Dunedin nurse Lauren Bransgrove's antivax rant on Telegram
    Screengrab of Lauren Bransgrove’s antivax rant on Telegram . Image: RNZ

    Medsafe is currently assessing an application to administer Pfizer’s covid-19 vaccine to children aged 5-11.

    The vaccine would be one-third of the dose of that administered to those 12 and older, of which more than 7.8 million doses have been given in New Zealand.

    The vaccine has been deemed safe and effective by the vast majority of experts, both in New Zealand and globally.

    ‘Long covid’ symptoms
    While the risk of serious covid-19 infection is far lower among children, covid-19 has been one of the top 10 causes of death of children aged five-11 in the US over the past 12 months.

    A large study of children in the UK aged 11-17 also found as many as one in seven might still show symptoms of the illness three months after infection, commonly known as “long covid”.

    So far, millions of doses of the vaccine have been administered to children aged 5-11 in the US.

    Medsafe says it has completed its initial assessment of the application and has received a response to its request for additional information from Pfizer.

    It intends to make a decision regarding approval this month.

    Bransgrove lists her occupation as a clinical advisor for ACC.

    Before that she spent 15 years working as a nurse, including a role as a theatre nurse in a private hospital for seven years.

    She completed her training through Otago Polytechnic.

    Multiple agencies investigating
    A Ministry of Health spokesperson confirmed multiple agencies were investigating the video and its contents.

    “The Ministry of Health is very concerned about this and is looking into this as part of a multi-agency approach,” the spokesperson said.

    Police also confirmed they were making inquiries into the matter.

    The Nursing Council confirmed it had referred the matter to a professional conduct committee.

    Lauren Brangrove’s poster visible in the distance
    Lauren Brangrove’s poster is visible in the right distance of an anti-lockdown protest in Dunedin’s Octagon on November 9 – with the slogan “Nurse of 20 Years My Body/Choice” written on it. Image: Tim Brown/RNZ

    When a few thousand people marched onto Parliament grounds on November 9 with a mish-mash of gripes with government, Bransgrove took part in a similar but much smaller gathering in the Octagon in Dunedin.

    Carrying a sign which read “Nurse of 20 years My Body/Choice”, she spoke to RNZ, but refused to provide her last name.

    “I am a nurse who went to Otago Polytechnic, I spent many years in the operating theatre helping the people of New Zealand, I now work for a public agency which I will not name,” she told RNZ.

    ‘Many vaccine injuries’ claim
    She went on to claim many vaccine injuries were being reported to ACC.

    When asked how many vaccine injuries had been reported, she responded: “Well I don’t know exactly, but I know they’re being accepted”.

    By November 27 ACC had received 1179 claims stemming from covid-19 vaccination treatment injuries.

    Of those, 448 had been accepted and 260 declined with 471 yet to be decided.

    Allergic reaction accounted for nearly half of the claims, with bruises and sprains the next most common injuries.

    No deaths had been lodged with ACC.

    To date Medsafe has said one death is likely linked to the covid-19 vaccine and has been referred to the coroner.

    ‘More going online’
    When provided treatment injury numbers as these stood at the time, Bransgrove responded: “I don’t know the number but there’s a lot more going on online.”

    “When you go on these groups online, because you can’t see any of this on the news because it is not reported, when you see real people with real injuries and real deaths, you’re going to have to start to wake up.

    “This is not about health, this is about control, this is about totalitarianism,” she said.

    She claimed she did not care if she lost her job as she believed she would look back on the time and find herself on the right side of history.

    When asked why countries with high vaccination rates had low death rates from covid-19, she responded: “Tell me about Israel”.

    At the time of the conversation, Israel’s daily case count was less than 10 percent of the peak of the delta outbreak (when 10,000 new cases were reported a day).

    That decline in case numbers followed a successful and widespread booster programme in the country.

    Israel now has a seven-day average of about 600 cases a day, while the average of daily deaths has been less than 10 since late October and now sits at about two deaths per day.

    Many others ‘concerned’
    Bransgrove told RNZ there were many others similarly concerned by the vaccine and terrified to speak out.

    ACC moved this evening to distance itself from Bransgrove.

    “We are urgently investigating this matter,” ACC chief executive Megan Main said in a statement.

    “ACC in no way condones threats of violence under any circumstances.

    “We have encouraged all of our staff to get vaccinated as the best measure to protect themselves and others against Covid-19. We have instituted a policy requiring all our staff to be vaccinated in order to be on any ACC site from 15 December.

    “The opinions expressed in no way represent the views of ACC.”

    Anti-vaccine posts removed
    Bransgrove earlier told RNZ she worked from home five days a week and so would not be subject to the vaccination policy.

    ACC would not comment on whether Bransgrove had been suspended.

    Earlier today she removed anti-vaccine posts — including a threat against the Deputy Prime Minister — from her social media accounts.

    Anti-vaccine group New Zealand Doctors Speaking Out with Science claimed it had the support of 105 doctors.

    In contrast an open letter from doctors supporting covid-19 vaccination had more than 6500 signatures.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • By Grace Auka-Salmang in Port Moresby

    Not a single tear was shed as 54 unclaimed bodies and 11 body parts were laid on top of each other in a single open grave dug out at the 9-Mile Cemetery in Port Moresby this week.

    It was a rather undignified way to go for the corpses. What were once loved ones clearly had been forgotten — every single one of them.

    But what was even sadder was the 9 bodies of children among the mass burial after six months had gone by with not a single family member coming forward to claim them.

    A mass burial is unusual in Melanesian society such as Papua New Guinea, but without relatives collecting the bodies it had to be done.

    Wrapped in plastic bags and put in standard plain box coffins, the bodies and body parts were taken to the cemetery from the Port Moresby General Hospital in two trucks.

    The bodies have been at the mortuary and other makeshift storage containers.

    The covid-19 situation in NCD also complicated matters for the hospital and the relatives of the deceased.

    No time to waste
    At the burial site, it was no time to waste for the morgue attendees as they unloaded the two truckloads containing the bodies and body parts and quickly lowered them stacked into the hole in the ground.

    Port Moresby General Hospital director for medical services Dr Kone Sobi said the mass burial came into effect following several media announcements following the overwhelming burden at the morgue facility.

    “We come from a Melanesian society and this kind of sending off our loved ones is not expected, however it has to be done,” Dr Sobi said.

    “We had to go through due process as it takes time to comply with the processes to take place.

    “The mass burial was for dead bodies that have been in the morgue since March, April and May this year.

    “There were requests after the initial announcements for mass burial from relatives and friends of the deceased in the name list to reserve and claim their loved ones.”

    He said the hospital allowed that process to take place and the period had lapsed.

    An approved list
    “We then provide the approved list from the coroner to the National Capital District Commission (NCDC) to conduct the mass burial.

    “If the body is not claimed after two weeks, then this goes to the Coroner to give an authorisation and once it is authorised, the mass burial is carried out,” he said.

    The mortuary is the function of the NCDC social services division and it is the responsible of the office of the governor who has appointed a contractor to carry out the mass burial and all the parties involved have allowed and assisted the hospital to carry out this exercise.

    He said the usual costs for mass burial was about K90,000 (about NZ$38,000) because a mass burial is carried out on a quarterly basis during a year, so one mass burial costs about K30,000. However, for this year’s exercise, NCDC is responsible for the costs.

    For these mass burials, there were 54 adult bodies, nine children and 11 body parts from individuals who have been involved in accidents and people who have had injuries resulting in amputation of upper and lower limbs.

    This is a combination of two mass burials that were supposed to be carried out in the year.

    Dr Sobi said that for this year, this was the first mass burial exercise to be carried out.

    Grace Auka-Salmang is a PNG Post-Courier reporter. Republished with permission.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ Pacific

    New Caledonia’s pro-independence parties say the French overseas minister’s visit in the next few days is unwelcome, describing it as “another provocation”.

    Overseas Minister Sebastien Lecornu announced his trip as New Caledonia readies for Sunday’s third and final independence referendum after rejected pleas by the pro-independence parties to postpone it to next year because of the pandemic.

    While the minister said he would outline details of the 18-month transition phase following the vote in upcoming talks in Noumea, the pro-independence parties have ruled out meeting him.

    They said any negotiations will have to wait until after the French presidential election in April.

    The customary Kanak Senate, which is a forum of traditional leaders, has now declared Sunday as a day of mourning for the victims of the pandemic and called on Kanaks not to vote.

    Its president, Yvon Kona, has also appealed for calm so there would be no trouble on polling day.

    An extra 2000 police and military personnel have been flown in from France to provide security across the territory.

    Complaint that Lecornu flouted covid rules
    Meanwhile, a small pro-independence party has lodged a formal complaint against Lecornu in France after reports that the minister flouted covid-19 restrictions during his visit to New Caledonia in October.

    The French investigative news site Mediapart reported that Lecornu had gone for drinks at a meeting with anti-independence New Caledonian politicians.

    The complaint alleges that by breaking the rules he imperiled the health of others.

    The ministry said the event was a work-related multilateral exchange.

    It said in turn it intended to lodge a complaint against the party for defamation.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • ANALYSIS: By Matthew Hobbs, University of Canterbury and Lukas Marek, University of Canterbury

    As New Zealand gets ready for the festive season under the new traffic light system, the emergence of the omicron variant is a reminder this pandemic is far from over.

    The new variant of concern is already fuelling a new wave of infections in South Africa and there is some evidence hospitalisations are increasing.

    Omicron has already arrived in Australia and the question now is whether it will get to New Zealand during the summer holiday season and potentially affect plans for border openings.

    New Zealand is currently planning to start opening its borders and allowing quarantee-free entry from early 2022, first to fully vaccinated New Zealand citizens arriving from Australia after January 16, and then for New Zealanders arriving from all other countries after mid-February.

    There is already some discussion about whether this plan may have to be reviewed.

    Omicron contains 32 mutations in the spike protein alone. These are mutations that may make the virus more transmissible and better at evading immunity. There is also some evidence to suggest it poses a higher risk of reinfection.

    Other anecdotal evidence suggests more children are being hospitalised with moderate to severe symptoms with omicron.

    However, it is still too early to draw any firm conclusions. Data over the next few weeks will help determine the variant’s full impact.

    Delta has taught us important lessons
    New Zealand’s elimination strategy resulted in good economic performance, the lowest covid-19 mortality in the OECD and increases in life expectancy. However, the emergence of the delta variant forced us to abandon that strategy.

    Data from the South African COVID-19 monitoring consortium show the impact of the Omicron variant.
    Data from the South African COVID-19 monitoring consortium show the impact of the Omicron variant. Graphic: SACMC Epidemic Explorer, CC BY-ND

    Perhaps most importantly, delta also taught us that when new variants emerge, they do not stay in one place for very long.

    So, how prepared is New Zealand?

    In the short term, New Zealand is well placed to deal with omicron. Our strong border controls, testing and rapid genome sequencing mean that when omicron arrives at our border, we can respond quickly and prevent community incursion.

    It is unlikely it will be our unwanted guest this Christmas. Despite this, significant challenges lie ahead in the long term, including vaccination inequity and disruptions to routine healthcare.

    Percentage of the double vaccinated
    In several regions, including Auckland and Canterbury, 90 percent of the eligible population are now fully vaccinated. High vaccination rates may blunt the extent of future potential waves of infection, but significant inequities in vaccination levels remain.

    [Go to The Conversation for the full interactive map.]

    We know that vaccinated people transmit covid-19 less than unvaccinated people, but only 70 percent of Māori have received both doses.

    Even without covid-19 spread widely, there is already pressure on hospital capacity and staff with delayed surgeries now more common, be that in Hawke’s Bay, Dunedin or Christchurch.

    So far, New Zealand has been luckier than other countries where concerns are growing about disruptions to routine healthcare. Delays may leave patients with treatable conditions suffering illnesses that can become fatal.

    New Zealand has one of the lowest ICU capacities in the world. While the government has announced $644 million to raise ICU capacity, it will take time to build capacity and train staff.

    Although unlikely, should Omicron breach our border like Delta did, it will have to be tackled against the backdrop of trying to manage the current Delta outbreak.

    Child vaccinations are set to start at the end of January. However, low vaccination levels are often in areas where health provision and hospitals are a long way away. This will need to be incorporated into the rollout strategy to ensure equitable childhood vaccination rates.

    Looking forward to Christmas and beyond
    The Auckland border will lift next week on December 15 and many are bracing themselves for a covid summer. Calls for staycations have emerged as popular summer holiday spots such as Matai Bay close and iwi are asking people to stay away from some destinations.

    [See The Conversation for full interactive map.]

    Our analysis by regional tourism areas supports this. It shows most regional tourism areas have low vaccination rates, especially for Māori and Pacific peoples.

    As New Zealand heads into the holiday season, public health measures such as mask wearing, physical distancing, hand hygiene, contact tracing, case isolation and vaccination will remain essential.

    Mandating the covid tracer app increased the number of scans while less than 1 percent of paid staff at St John’s ambulance service left due to the vaccine mandate.

    Number of scans recorded on the NZ COVID Tracer app

    CC BY-ND

    Some experts have suggested the emergence of omicron could be a result of low levels of vaccine coverage in developing nations.

    The root of this is that the world isn not doing enough to stop the spread of covid-19.

    While some countries, including New Zealand, have had domestic success at controlling covid-19, wealthy countries around the world continue to hoard vaccines. This ultimately gives the virus more opportunities to replicate and mutate.

    Omicron should act as a wake-up call to ensure worldwide equitable vaccine delivery before even more concerning variants emerge.The Conversation

    Dr Matthew Hobbs is senior lecturer in public health and co-director of the GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury and Dr Lukas Marek is researcher and lecturer in Spatial Data Science, University of Canterbury. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence. Read the original article.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • A new study out of York University in Toronto, Canada finds that the US military plays a large role in the spread of diseases globally, including past and present pandemics. Clearing the FOG speaks with one of the lead authors, K J Noh, an expert analyst on the geopolitics of the Asian-Pacific region and health, about the study. Important factors in the spread of disease are Status Agreements that the US military makes with local and national governments that exempt members of the military from being required to follow public health measures and a culture of impunity within the military that leads to members defying all public health restrictions, even those measures imposed by the military. Noh also explains how the weaponization of disease is causing harm to everyone and why the US establishment doesn’t want the public to know there are governments designed to serve their populations.

    The post New Study Finds The US Military Is Spreading Disease Around The World appeared first on PopularResistance.Org.

    This post was originally published on PopularResistance.Org.

  • RNZ Pacific

    Health authorities in Fiji have confirmed two people who had arrived in the country from southern Africa last month have now tested positive to the omicron variant of covid-19.

    The pair travelled to Fiji from Nigeria on November 25.

    They both tested positive to covid-19 while in a border quarantine facility.

    Health Secretary Dr James Fong said last night their samples were sent to a reference laboratory in Australia for urgent genomic sequencing.

    Dr Fong said both travellers’ results were confirmed positive for the omicron variant.

    “The two travellers are Fijian citizens who had travelled back into Fiji from Nigeria, arriving on Fiji Airways flight FJ1392 from Hong Kong on November 25 — the day the discovery of the omicron variant was announced internationally,” Dr Fong said.

    “Both travellers tested negative for covid-19 before departure from Fiji and before they left Nigeria.

    Fully vaccinated
    “They entered a government-designated border quarantine facility immediately upon arrival into Fiji, tested positive while in quarantine, currently have no symptoms, and were fully vaccinated.”

    With the exception of four passengers, Dr Fong said other passengers on the flight were from non-travel partner countries.

    “They had entered a border quarantine facility upon arrival to undergo the full quarantine protocol of 10 days,” Dr Fong said.

    “That has since been extended to 14 days.

    “The four passengers on the flight who were from a travel partner country have tested negative.

    “The Fiji Airways crew and accompanying passengers from FJ1392 have tested negative at least twice,” Dr Fong said.

    No directives to crew
    Fiji Airways confirmed none of its crew or staff have been given government directives to isolate.

    The airline said it had strict protocols which forced all staff to undergo swabs before and after international flights.

    “None of our crew are in quarantine or have tested positive to covid-19. We understand two cases of interest have tested positive but there is no confirmation on which variant it is,” Fiji Airways said in a statement.

    “However, given this new threat our staff will undergo PCR testing as a precautionary measure.”

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • Nurses can be seen in the Omicron ward of a hospital

    A coalition of humanitarian groups warned Sunday that the world could face “wave after wave of variants” unless rich countries stop blocking a proposed patent waiver for coronavirus vaccines and immediately distribute the technology needed to mass-produce the lifesaving shots.

    “Business as usual has led to huge profits for pharmaceutical firms, but many people left unvaccinated means that this virus continues to mutate,” said Winnie Byanyima, executive director of UNAIDS and co-chair of the People’s Vaccine Alliance, which includes dozens of organizations spanning the globe.

    “It is the definition of madness to keep doing the same thing and expect a different outcome,” Byanyima added. “We need to press reset.”

    The warning from alliance members came as the recently detected and heavily mutated Omicron variant continued wreaking havoc worldwide, spreading in nearly 40 countries and fueling an alarming spike in hospitalizations among children in South Africa. First detected in southern Africa last month, the variant has since been found in nearly a third of U.S. states.

    While disastrous for the global poor and vulnerable, Omicron’s rise has been a major boon for top investors in Pfizer and Moderna, U.S.-based firms that have refused to share their vaccine recipes with developing countries. Both corporations are preparing to quickly reformulate their publicly funded vaccines to combat Omicron.

    “What is the point in developing new vaccines in 100 days if they are then only sold in limited amounts to the highest bidder, once again leaving poor nations at the back of the queue?” Anna Marriott, the health policy manager for Oxfam International and a spokesperson for the People’s Vaccine Alliance, asked in response to the pharmaceutical giants’ plans.

    “We cannot correct the mistakes of the past 21 months,” she said, “but we need rich countries to chart a new path forward in which they step up and insist the pharmaceutical companies start sharing their science and technology with qualified manufacturers around the world, so we can vaccinate people in all countries and finally end the pandemic.”

    The People’s Vaccine Alliance has long argued that the frequent emergence of new coronavirus strains is virtually inevitable as long as huge swaths of the global population remain without access to shots. Omicron is the fifth coronavirus strain that the World Health Organization has labeled a “variant of concern.”

    “Fighting to buy up limited supplies of hugely expensive vaccines to protect your own citizens whilst ignoring the rest of the world will only lead to more variants, more mutations, more lockdowns, and more lives lost,” Maaza Seyoum of the People’s Vaccine Alliance Africa said in a statement Sunday.

    “Pharmaceutical monopolies and profiteering have prevented vaccination in Africa and the rest of the developing world,” Seyoum continued. “It is time that pharmaceutical companies and rich nations finally put protecting people and putting an end to this pandemic ahead of profits, monopolies, and self-defeating attempts to protect themselves whilst allowing this disease to rampage across the rest of the world.”

    According to new Airfinity data examined by the People’s Vaccine Alliance, Sub-Saharan Africa has thus far received enough vaccine doses to fully inoculate just one in eight people while rich countries — having succeeded in getting vaccines to a majority of their populations — roll out boosters on a mass scale. A recent Financial Times analysis found that wealthy nations have administered far more boosters in four months of 2021 than low-income countries have given in total doses all year.

    “It’s not only shameful that six times more booster shots are being administered daily than primary doses in low-income countries, it’s an enormous risk to ending the pandemic globally,” said John Mark Mwanika, programs officer at the Amalgamated Transport and General Workers’ Union (ATGWU-Uganda).

    “It is no coincidence that the new Omicron variant was first discovered by scientists in countries which have been denied the right to produce their own vaccines,” Mwanika added. “We are in a global emergency and workers are paying the price, particularly in the Global South.”

    Citing the rapid spread of Omicron, the World Trade Organization postponed its biannual Ministerial Conference late last month, prompting concerns that the body would further delay work on the proposed vaccine patent waiver. Led by India and South Africa, the measure would temporarily suspend intellectual property rules that, according to critics, have hindered global vaccine production at the expense of developing nations.

    In a joint statement directed at member nations of the European Union — one of the last remaining opponents of the patent waiver — the People’s Vaccine Alliance and nearly 200 other groups argued that the current global intellectual property regime has “created an artificial supply shortage of urgently needed vaccines, tests, and treatment, leading to countless preventable deaths.”

    “We call on the E.U. to stop blocking and start engaging with the TRIPS waiver proposal as presented by its co-sponsors,” the coalition said. “History will not forgive nor forget those who choose to uphold a broken system over ending the pandemic.”

    This post was originally published on Latest – Truthout.

  • RNZ News

    An anti-vax protest that shut down the centre of Newmarket in New Zealand’s largest city Auckland today may have cost local businesses hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost customers, says the local business association.

    Hundreds gathered at 11am at the Auckland Domain before heading to Westfield Newmarket shopping mall via Carlton Gore Road and Broadway.

    After gathering outside the mall, they then moved towards Government House in Epsom.

    Newmarket Business Association head Mark Knoff-Thomas said the local stores were “very disappointed” by the behaviour of the protesters.

    “We all accept that everyone has got the right to protest, but not when your protest ends up bringing a town centre to a standstill, where retailers and hospitality providers have to shut their doors just to be safe because there’s so many people storming down the street,” he said.

    “I think it is shameless behaviour and very, very misguided.”

    He said stores had high expectations for the day which had been shattered – the second day of Auckland opening up under red alert under the new traffic lights covid-19 system after almost four months in lockdown.

    ‘People got fed up’
    “This should have been one of the best Saturdays of the year for us and the protesters certainly put paid to that because after they moved through Broadway, everybody left because traffic was snarled up and people got fed up and went home.

    “It potentially lost Newmarket many hundreds of thousands of dollars.

    “I hope the protesters never come back to Newmarket ever again. If they want to protest, by all means do it somewhere where it doesn’t impact on business owners because it’s been one of the worst years for business people. Very stressful.

    “A lot of people are financially on the ropes and all the protesters have done today is add more stress to those people.”

    Earlier, Inspector Beth Houliston of Auckland police said officers were “closely monitoring” the protest activity.

    “Our focus remains balancing the safety of all protesters and the public, with the right to peacefully protest.”

    Traffic disrupted
    Houliston said traffic in the area had been disrupted by the protesters.

    “We would like to thank members of the public who have deferred their travel today.

    “We also acknowledge those that have been inconvenienced.

    “Police will follow-up any incidents of offending or concern identified during the protest activity.”

    The protest organisers were calling the rally ‘the Mass Exodus’.

    Protest in New Plymouth
    Meanwhile, anti-vaccination protesters have again taken to the streets of New Plymouth.

    About 200 protesters gathered at Puke Ariki before marching up Devon Street, the city’s main shopping area.

    They chanted ‘freedom’ and carried placards calling on the government to end the vaccine mandate.

    Many waved flags including campaign banners for former US president Donald Trump and the tino rangatiratanga or Māori flag, and the United Tribes of NZ flag.

    About 200 anti-vaxxer protesters march in New Plymouth on 4 December 2021
    About 200 protesters marched up Devon Street in New Plymouth today, calling on the government to end the vaccine mandate. Image: Robin Martin/RNZ

    Some of Auckland’s strict lockdown rules were eased yesterday, as the country moved to the new traffic light Covid-19 protection framework.

    Police say fewer people converged on central Auckland last night compared to pre-covid-19 times.

    But officers were kept busy dealing with disorder-related incidents, involving highly intoxicated people.

    In one case, a person is in a serious condition after being assaulted on Karangahape Road.

    A 22-year-old man has been charged with wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm.

    He was due to appear in the Auckland District Court today.

    98 new community cases
    The Ministry of Health reported 98 new community cases of covid-19 in New Zealand today, with cases in Auckland, Northland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Hawke’s Bay, Nelson Tasman and Canterbury.

    In a statement, the ministry said there were 73 cases in hospital, including seven people in intensive care.

    Today’s cases include three in Northland, 64 in Auckland, 21 in Waikato, six in the Bay of Plenty, one in Mangakino, two in Hawke’s Bay and one in Nelson Marlborough.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • By Rowan Quinn, RNZ News health correspondent

    Intensive care units and hospitals are getting a boost of hundreds of millions of dollars as the country moves to the covid-19 traffic light system.

    Minister of Health Andrew Little announced today the government would spend $100 million upgrading buildings and facilities and $544 million for operating costs, including staffing to prepare for when covid is expected to be widespread in the community next year.

    He said he had asked hospitals to identify ways of quickly increasing their intensive care beds — even though there was more than enough capacity than was likely to be needed.

    “But as the country shifts to the traffic light system, we need to make sure we can cope with the unexpected,” he said.

    Four initial projects were announced.

    The biggest was at West Auckland’s Waitākere Hospital, which had been given $65.1 million to build space for 30 new ward beds, six ICU beds and two negative pressure rooms.

    It currently had no ICU, sending patients to North Shore Hospital instead.

    Its district health board was getting a further $5 million to covert eight existing elective surgery beds to surge intensive care beds.

    Bay of Plenty was given $15.5 million to create two more ICU beds and 4 high dependency unit beds. Canterbury was getting $12 million for 12 ICU beds.

    ‘Underdone’ before covid
    Little told RNZ Morning Report: “Even well before covid, we were underdone when it comes to ICU capacity, so this has always been a thing that we had to do better on and the covid pandemic has obviously shone a light on capacity issues and and even though this most recent outbreak, we’ve actually coped remarkably well with the increasing daily case numbers, ICU capacity has been available.

    “We’ve hovered between about five and I think it topped out at 11 cases at any one time in ICU.

    “With the traffic light system, covid is going to move around the country. We need to know that we’ve done everything we can to maximize ICU capacity.”

    Of the projects announced yesterday, three will be available in the next six months – the other is a “couple of years away”, Little said.

    “These things take a little time to bring on. Early this year I had said to those responsible for putting things together, if there’s any opportunities we can take to accelerate ICU projects, let’s bring those on. This is the product of that.”

    Little said Waitakere, Tauranga and Christchurch were getting more DHB capacity because they had ICU plans that could be accelerated.

    ICU beds in New Zealand
    ICU beds in New Zealand. Graphic: RNZ

    Long-standing concern
    Intensive care doctors and nurses have long worried about how intensive care service around the country would cope when covid became truly endemic, saying the government was overestimating how much capacity there was.

    That was because they would have to care for people with covid-19 on top of all the other usual care, for example, people who had been in car accidents, had a heart attack or who were recovering from certain serious surgeries.

    They have said there is not enough capacity to cope without the high standard of care falling or some planned operations being put off.

    The biggest barrier was not physical beds and equipment, but the nurses needed to staff these.

    The College of Critical Care Nurses estimated the country’s hospitals were short of about 90 already and said urgent moves were needed to recruit nurses from overseas, train more here, and pay those already working better.

    There were not yet details on how the new funding would help to fix the problem.

    ‘Delighted’ over funding
    Intensive care doctor and Intensive Care Society spokesperson, Andrew Stapleton, told Morning Report the society was “delighted”.

    “In the 70 years since there’s been an intensive care in New Zealand, there’s never been any targeted money in a package like this and there’s the promise of more to come, so we’re very hopeful that this is the beginning of moving in the right direction,” Stapleton said.

    “It will (make a difference) in the places it’s targeted towards, so it is targeted and particularly the big win from this is Waitākere.

    “So we talk about intensive care beds per 100,000. There’s roughly four for the whole of New Zealand. Waitākere’s got a population of 600,000 and no intensive care beds, and this is something we’ve been campaigning for some time.

    “So, they’re going to get six intensive care beds and a 30-bed inpatient ward, and this is great news for that region.”

    Intensive care beds costed about $1 million a year to run because of the staffing costs, Stapleton said.

    “That gives you an idea that that is a significant boost.”

    ‘We’re not complaining’
    While the money could have come sooner, “at this point we’re not complaining”.

    Regarding covid-19, the big test was yet to come, he said.

    “It’s easy to forget that Auckland, where the vast majority of covid has been, has been in level 3 lockdown until today, so what happens two weeks from now is going to be interesting to see.”

    Little had earlier said 1400 nurses had completed a 4-hour online course to give them skills to help as a surge workforce if needed.

    But those in the field said they would be able to provide care around the edges at best.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • By John Gerritsen, RNZ News education reporter

    New Zealand Education Ministry figures indicate just 2.4 percent of school teachers — about 1400 people — have refused the covid vaccination.

    The ministry said responses from 94 percent of schools indicated nearly 98 percent of teachers and 95 percent of other staff were vaccinated.

    Official figures showed there were 62,600 teachers working in state and state integrated schools, last year and a further 9000 relief teachers so a vaccination rate of nearly 98 percent would translate to more than 1400 unvaccinated teachers.

    The ministry warned that its figures were not definitive.

    Tai Tokerau had the lowest reported vaccination rates at 93 percent, indicating the region had about 100 teachers refusing the jabs.

    Schools in Bay of Plenty and Waiariki reported a vaccination rate of 96 percent for teachers, while Nelson, Marlborough, West Coast and Taranaki, Manawatū, Whanganui reported rates just under 97 percent.

    The ministry said Wellington had the highest vaccination rate for registered teachers at 98.3 percent, followed by Canterbury/Chatham Islands, Auckland and Otago/Southland which all had teacher vaccination rates of at least 98 percent.

    The ministry said few schools required its help with staffing as a result of the vaccine mandate.

    Since November 16, unvaccinated staff have been banned from schools and early learning centres.

    All staff who have contact with children must be fully vaccinated by 1 January 2022.

    172 community covid cases

    In a statement, the ministry said the new community cases were in Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Lakes and the Nelson/Tasman region.

    There were no additional cases to report today in Hawke’s Bay, Taranaki, Wairarapa, Wellington or Canterbury.

    There were 10 new cases in Nelson/Tasman today — including one that will be officially added to tomorrow’s figures. This takes the number of active cases in the region to 14.

    The ministry reported 86 cases in hospital, including nine in intensive care. The average age of the patients in hospital is 45.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • By Luke Nacei in Suva

    Opposition whip Lynda Tabuya says Fiji should have taken its cue from Australia and delayed the opening of its borders due to uncertainty surrounding the new covid-19 variant omicron.

    In her response to last week’s Parliament opening address by President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere, she said “lives are more important than livelihoods”.

    The World Health Organisation declared omicron “a variant of concern” on November 26, but said it was “not yet clear” whether it was more transmissible when compared with other variants, and the severity of the disease was uncertain at the present time.

    Australia has reported seven cases of the new variant so far, with six in New South Wales alone.

    Fiji opened its borders yesterday with more than 200 arrivals, and about 600 are expected to arrive from Australia today.

    Speaking in Parliament, she said that the last time there was a call for stricter border controls, the government brought in corona’s deadliest strain, the delta variant via a flight from India.

    “I, more than anyone, want our hotel workers and the rest of the tourism sector to thrive again — but not at the cost of locking down our beloved country,” she said.

    Australia delayed opening borders
    “We have just begun to regain some sense of normalcy.

    “Australia has just done it. They have been delayed from today (Wednesday) to December 15, Japan has completely shut its borders until further notice.

    “Initial reports were that the omicron variant may be less deadlier than the delta variant, but the Australian government isn’t going to put the lives of its citizens at risk and is postponing opening their borders until there is more certainty.”

    The outspoken opposition MP said the lives of Fijians were far more important than their livelihoods.

    “Why isn’t Fiji doing the same? Our lives are more important than our livelihoods,” she said.

    “While Australia has reassured its citizens to remain calm as they look for answers, our government waited on the Nadi airport tarmac today with Rebel Wilson to welcome the world.

    “Time and again, this government has shown it cannot keep Fiji safe.”

    Luke Nacei is a Fiji Times reporter. Republished with permission.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ News

    New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has announced which regions will move into red and which into orange as the new traffic light system comes in on Friday.

    Ardern confirmed that all of Northland would join the Auckland region in red, along with Taupō, Rotorua Lakes, Kawerau, Whakatāne, Ōpōtiki, Gisborne, Wairoa, Rangitīkei, Whanganui and Ruapehu districts.

    All other regions would be in orange.

    “At orange, the big change here for parts of the country which will enter into this setting is that for the vaccinated and where vaccine passes are used, there are no gathering limits,” Ardern said today.

    “People can gather again safely. At red, it will feel a lot like level 2. Your vaccine pass lets you go everywhere but number limits of 100 will apply to most activities.”

    For Aucklanders, the changes meant they would be able to see family and friends indoors again.

    NZ's new North Island traffic light zones
    New Zealand’s new North Island traffic light zone system to be introduced on Friday. Image: RNZ
    • There were 182 new community cases
    • 93 people were in hospital with the virus
    • Five of the new cases were in Northland, 167 in Auckland and 10 in Waikato
    • 123 of the new cases were yet to be epidemiologically linked
    • Five close contacts are self-isolating after a local border case reported yesterday in Canterbury

    New omicron variant
    The world may not learn the true level of the threat posed by the new omicron variant of Covid-19 for several weeks, says a University of Otago scientist.

    “I think it’s right to be concerned at this moment, but we need to know more,” he said.

    Institute of Environmental Science and Research principal scientist of genomics professor Mike Bunce told RNZ Morning Report the country was well-placed to deal with the new threat but it was important to maintain border protections to “buy us time”.

    At the weekend, the government moved nine countries into the very high risk category, restricting travel from those countries to New Zealand citizens only and requiring a full 14 days in MIQ.

    “If we see more widespread cases in those countries then we will consider whether they need to be classified as very high risk countries,” said Ardern.

    Omicron does not change the advice on vaccine boosters, which are now available to anyone who had their second dose six months ago, she said.

    A group of Māori kaumātua in Auckland were among the first in the country to receive their booster doses on Monday morning.

    No cases of omicron have so far been identified in the country.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • ANALYSIS: By Anthony Zwi, UNSW

    There is global concern and widespread alarm at the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529, which the World Health Organisation (WHO) has called omicron.

    The WHO classified omicron as a “variant of concern” because it has a wide range of mutations. This suggests vaccines and treatments could be less effective.

    Although early days, omicron appears to be able to reinfect people more easily than other strains.

    Australia has followed other countries and regions — including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and the European Union — and banned travellers from nine southern African countries.

    Australians seeking to return home from southern Africa will still be able to do so. But they will enter hotel quarantine and be tested.

    Those who have returned from the nine countries – South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, the Seychelles, Malawi and Mozambique – in the past 14 days will have to isolate.

    But Omicron has already been detected in other regions, including the UK, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong and Belgium. So while a travel ban on southern African countries may slow the spread and buy limited time, it’s unlikely to stop it.

    As the Australian government and others act to protect their own citizens, this should be accompanied by additional resources to support countries in southern Africa and elsewhere that take prompt action.

    When was Omicron detected?
    The variant was identified on November 22 in South Africa, from a sample collected from a patient on November 9.

    South African virologists took prompt action, conferred with colleagues through the Network of Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, liaised with government, and notified the World Health Organisation on November 24.

    This is in keeping with the International Health Regulations that guide how countries should respond.

    The behaviour of this new variant is still unclear. Some have claimed the rate of growth of omicron infections, which reflects its transmissibility, may be even higher than those of the delta variant.

    This “growth advantage” is yet to be proven but is concerning.

    ‘Kneejerk’ response vs WHO recommendations
    African scientists and politicians have been disappointed in what they see as a “kneejerk” response from countries imposing travel bans. They argue the bans will have significant negative effects for the South African economy, which traditionally welcomes global tourists over the summer year-end period.

    They note it is still unclear whether the new variant originated in South Africa, even if it was first identified there. As omicron has already been detected in several other countries, it may already be circulating in regions not included in the travel bans.

    Travel bans on countries detecting new variants, and the subsequent economic costs, may also act as a disincentive for countries to reveal variants of concern in future.

    The WHO does not generally recommend flight bans or other forms of travel embargoes. Instead, it argues interventions of proven value should be prioritised: vaccination, hand hygiene, physical distancing, well-fitted masks, and good ventilation.

    In response to variants of concern, the WHO calls on all countries to enhance surveillance and sequencing, report initial cases or clusters, and undertake investigations to improve understanding of the variant’s behaviour.

    Omicron must be taken seriously. Its features are worrying, but there are large gaps in our current knowledge.

    While further analyses are undertaken, the variant should be controlled with testing, tracing, isolation, applying known public health measures, and ongoing surveillance.

    What can wealthier countries do to help?
    Wealthy countries such as Australia should support African nations and others to share early alerts of potentially serious communicable disease threats, and help mitigate these threats.

    As the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response noted in May:

    […] public health actors only see downsides from drawing attention to an outbreak that has the potential to spread.

    The panel recommended creating incentives to reward early response action. This could include support to:

    • establish research and educational partnerships
    • strengthen health systems and communicable disease surveillance
    • greatly improve vaccine availability, distribution, and equity
    • consider financial compensation, through some form of solidarity fund against pandemic risk.

    Boosting vaccine coverage is key
    Vaccines remain the mainstay of protection against the most severe effects of covid-19.

    It is unclear how effective vaccines will be against omicron, but some degree of protection is presumed likely. Pfizer has also indicated it could develop an effective vaccine against a new variant such as Omicron within 100 days or so.

    Covid’s persistence is partly attributable to patchy immunisation coverage across many parts of the world, notably those least developed. South Africa itself is better off than most countries on the continent, yet only 24 percent of the adult population are currently fully vaccinated. For the whole of Africa, this drops to only 7.2 percent.

    Greater global support is urgently needed to boost these vaccination rates.

    African institutions and leaders, supported by global health and vaccine experts, have argued for mRNA vaccine manufacturing facilities on the African continent. These would prioritise regional populations, overcome supply-chain problems, and respond in real time to emerging disease threats.

    Yet developing nations face significant barriers to obtaining intellectual property around covid-19 vaccine development and production.

    While there is still much to learn about the behaviour and impact of omicron, the global community must demonstrate and commit real support to countries that do the right thing by promptly and transparently sharing information.The Conversation

    Dr Anthony Zwi is professor of global health and development, UNSW. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence. Read the original article.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ Pacific

    Ninety percent of Pacific people in Aotearoa New Zealand have had their first covid-19 vaccine, while 11 district health boards (DHBs) have reached 80 percent first doses for Māori, the Ministry of Health says.

    There were a total of 17,899 doses administered yesterday, including 5679 first doses and 12,222 second doses.

    To date, 92 percent of eligible people in New Zealand have had their first dose and 85 percent are fully vaccinated.

    The ministry said the country’s Pacific communities had reached “some key vaccination milestones”, with 90 percent having officially received their first dose, and 80 percent fully vaccinated.

    Eleven of the 21 DHBs had reached 80 percent first doses for Māori, it said in a statement.

    The ministry also highlighted how Capital & Coast DHB is just 1131 doses shy of reaching the 90 percent fully vaccinated milestone.

    More than 2.1 million My Vaccine Passes have been issued.

    Auckland events encourage vaccine uptake
    This weekend is the last chance New Zealanders have to be fully vaccinated with both injections in time for Christmas.

    More than 20 vaccination events were held in Tāmaki Makaurau this weekend, ahead of the Auckland border restrictions easing on December 15.

    Tāmaki Makaurau vaccination programme director Matt Hannant said live music, free food and spot prizes were offered at events across the city.

    People can also now pre-book to get the AstraZeneca vaccine, which is available from Monday, he said.

    144 new cases today – one death
    In a separate ministry statement today, 144 new community cases of covid-19 have been reported in New Zealand, with one further death.

    The statement said 82 people were in hospital, including nine in intensive care.

    Today’s death was a covid-19 patient at North Shore Hospital in their 80s who died yesterday evening.

    “Our thoughts are with the patient’s whānau and friends at this deeply sad time,” the statement said.

    The ministry said 88 of today’s new cases were yet to be linked.

    Today’s new cases included 127 in Auckland, two in Northland, nine in Waikato, four in the Bay of Plenty and the one in Hawke’s Bay reported earlier today which was picked up after a routine hospital swab.

    The ministry reported 145 new cases and one death on Saturday.

    NZ bans travel from 9 African countries
    New Zealand is banning travel from nine southern African countries from tonight in an effort to curb the potential spread of the new Omicron coronavirus variant.

    The World Health Organisation (WHO) yesterday declared the new coronavirus variant to be “of concern” after it originated in South Africa.

    Covid-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins said from 11.59pm tonight, only New Zealand citizens will be allowed to travel to the country.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • A nurse draws a COVID-19 vaccine from an ampoule into a syringe.

    The detection of a new, heavily mutated, and potentially vaccine-resistant coronavirus variant in Botswana and other nations is sending shockwaves worldwide as public health officials rush to understand the strain and its possible impact on the global pandemic response.

    For vaccine equity campaigners and epidemiologists, the emergence of another highly contagious coronavirus mutation is far from surprising given the massive inoculation gap between rich and poor countries, which has left billions of people across the globe without access to lifesaving shots — and kept the door open to variants.

    Botswana, where the new strain was first identified earlier this month, has fully vaccinated just 20% of its population.

    Tim Bierley of the U.K.-based advocacy group Global Justice Now said in a statement that the B.1.1.529 mutation is an “entirely avoidable” consequence of deliberate policy decisions by rich countries, which have hoarded vaccine doses and refused to force pharmaceutical giants to share technology with developing nations.

    “The U.K. has actively prevented low and middle-income countries from having equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines. We have created the conditions for this variant to emerge,” Bierley said, referring to the British government’s opposition to a proposed patent waiver for coronavirus vaccines.

    “For more than a year, South Africa, Botswana, and most countries have been calling for world leaders to waive intellectual property on coronavirus vaccines, tests, and treatments so they can produce their own jabs,” Bierley noted. “It’s a vital measure that will be discussed at next week’s World Trade Organization conference. But, so far, the U.K. and E.U. have recklessly blocked it from making progress.”

    “There have been countless warnings that super-variants could emerge if we do not remove artificial barriers to global vaccination,” he continued. “If and when this new variant starts to tear through the world, remember that the British government has led opposition to the plan that could have stopped it.”

    Srinivas Murthy, an infectious disease expert, echoed that sentiment.

    “Allowing new variants to emerge and spread, 13 months into the vaccine era, is a policy choice by the rich world,” he argued.

    In marked contrast to their slow-walking of the proposed patent waiver, European countries sprang into action in response to the new variant, moving to impose fresh travel restrictions on visitors from southern Africa as global markets tumbled.

    Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, said Friday that the body will “propose, in close coordination with member states, to activate the emergency brake to stop air travel from the southern African region due to the variant of concern B.1.1.529.”

    “Rich nations are very quick to ban travel but very slow to share vaccines and know-how,” said Madhu Pai, Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology and Global Health at McGill University.

    Dr. Ayoade Alakija, co-chair of the Africa Vaccine Delivery Alliance, tweeted that the renewed push to cut off travel “was our greatest fear, and [we] were almost prophetic in predicting that the world would eventually shut Africa out having denied us access to vaccines.”

    At a press conference on Thursday, South African Health Minister Dr. Joe Phaahla said the B.1.1.529 variant — which has thus far been detected in Botswana, South Africa, and Hong Kong — may have been behind recent coronavirus outbreaks in the small South African province of Gauteng. (Update: The first case of the B.1.1.529 variant in Europe was identified in Belgium on Friday.)

    “Rest assured that as people move in the next coming weeks, this [variant] will be all over,” he warned.

    Professor Tulio de Oliveira, a renowned bioinformatician, told the media that in the B.1.1.529 variant, “what we see is this very unusual constellation of mutations.”

    “This is concerning,” he said, “for predicted immune evasion and transmissibility.”

    As Nature reported, “The variant stood out because it contains more than 30 changes to the spike protein — the SARS-CoV-2 protein that recognizes host cells and is the main target of the body’s immune responses.”

    “Many of the changes have been found in variants such as Delta and Alpha and are linked to heightened infectivity and the ability to evade infection-blocking antibodies,” the outlet noted.

    This post was originally published on Latest – Truthout.

  • Demonstrators march during an anti-mandate protest against the COVID-19 vaccine as part of a "Global Freedom Movement" in New York on November 20, 2021.

    As COVID-19 has ravaged the U.S., many progressive health care activists and organizations such as National Nurses United have illustrated how the pandemic has only made worse what was already intolerable about our for-profit medical system, and continued to demand universal, publicly financed, single-payer health care. Some on the anti-vax right have instead used the “preexisting conditions” of our health care system to discredit the people and measures which are trying to stop the pandemic, often disingenuously coopting progressive arguments in the process.

    The profit-driven nature of our health care system and the pain that it causes the U.S. people have not just galvanized some in support of single-payer, but unfortunately have also helped to seed the ground for the mistrust that cynical political actors have cultivated to make people hostile to public health measures. The following are examples of said cynical political actors doing just that:

    • Former President Donald Trump has claimed on more than one occasion that doctors and hospitals are part of a conspiracy to enrich themselves by saying patients died of COVID when they actually didn’t.
    • Conservative activist Candace Owens tweeted: “‘The Covid vaccine saves lives, which is why the government is making it free!’ K. So explain to me why insulin and asthma inhalers cost so much money. If the vaccines are really about the government trying to save your life — why do life-saving medicines cost so much?”
    • One of the central talking points of the anti-vax movement has been that Big Pharma was involved in inventing or manipulating the pandemic in order to push vaccines to enrich itself.

    All of these claims are false, but they appear to some to have validity because they rest at least tangentially on facts: Hospitals and health insurance are too expensive. We are constantly bombarded with horror stories about the ridiculous expenses of medical care: $54,000 for a COVID test, $16,000 for having a baby, $1,000 for an ambulance, and those examples are all just from insured people. Tens of millions have no insurance, and GoFundMe has become the indispensable website for the insured and uninsured alike. Then there is the genre of allegedly heartwarming news stories of people overcoming dystopian reality, like the girl selling lemonade to pay for brain surgery or the high school robotics team constructing a special wheelchair for a little boy when insurance wouldn’t pay for it. As if to put a fine point on the absurdity, just recently a story made the rounds of someone who sat in a local emergency room for hours and left without any treatment, then received a bill for $700.

    Adding to this ongoing scam, pharmaceutical companies do their share to bilk patients for their medications. From pharma bros and Sen. Joe Manchin’s daughter jacking up prices on their company’s respective drugs, to something as common as insulin being much more costly in the U.S. than elsewhere, Big Pharma plays a significant role in why our health care system is as expensive and dysfunctional as it is. Its attempts to reap as much profit as possible from the COVID vaccine program, even at the expense of leaving much of the world unvaccinated, do not recommend it, either.

    In the face of all this, the government has hung the sick, and ultimately all of us, out to dry. Consider the absurdity of Trump and President Joe Biden, both opponents of single-payer health care, in last year’s campaign endorsing free treatment and vaccines for COVID, while ignoring the financial plight of people suffering from every other disease, ailment and injury, and denouncing efforts to guarantee those people coverage as unworkable and socialistic. As the rest of the developed world has figured out how to provide health care to all their citizens, we still maintain a system in which an estimated 45,000 people die every year from lack of health care, and in which, one study found, 500,000 people cite medical bills as either a primary or contributing cause of bankruptcy annually.

    Why? Because hospital, health insurance and pharma corporations each have corrupt, symbiotic relationships with our legislators and regulators which run counter to the general welfare. This has become especially clear as the reconciliation “Build Back Better” bill has been sliced and diced by Senators Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema and a select number of House Democrats, all of whom think it’s a bridge too far to make sure seniors can afford their prescriptions, eyeglasses and the teeth in their heads. Follow the money and one finds that this is not primarily an issue of dearly held ideological differences but rather rank corruption and influence-peddling. Sinema has received oodles of cash from the health care and pharma industries, Manchin was a beneficiary of his daughter’s company’s largesse, and Democratic representatives who voted against drug pricing reform have been funded by Big Pharma.

    All of this is true, and it’s a sad, infuriating mess, but it does not mean doctors and hospitals are inventing COVID cases. It doesn’t mean vaccines are a scam, and it doesn’t mean the pandemic is either fake or engineered.

    The bad faith arguments which the right concocts on these subjects have no need of being coherent. When Trump accuses the doctors and hospitals of inventing COVID cases for money, he doesn’t suggest nationalizing health care like Britain’s National Health Service. When Owens asks why medications are so expensive, she doesn’t endorse Medicare for All. When the anti-vaxxers complain about Big Pharma’s ill-gotten gains, they aren’t out there supporting Sen. Bernie Sanders’s plan to let Medicare negotiate for lower drug prices for seniors. Each of these three potential policy solutions is instead met by these factions with the same standard chorus of “Socialism! Tyranny!”

    However false the claims are, however fake the concern, the right has no doubt been effective in how they use the faults of the health care system to attack doctors and civil servants who are charged with protecting the health of the public.

    Right-wing ideologues and politicos, though they are some of the main defenders of for-profit health care and beneficiaries of its lucre, are still astute enough to recognize that the system they hail is highly dysfunctional and hurts a lot of people — physically, emotionally and financially. They recognize that the profit motive of the hospital, insurance and pharmaceutical industries creates perverse incentives to maximize private gain at the expense of the public good. They recognize that this situation persists precisely because these industries have incredible control over government health care policy.

    They recognize all these problems, but they won’t identify any of them as such to the public, nor do anything to solve them. They merely expose edges of this reality to their followers as it suits their purposes — in this case, to make political hay out of saying the government and Big Pharma are trying to oppress and/or kill you. In so doing, they encourage selfish and self-destructive behavior during a pandemic and let loose a deluge of anger and violence against local, state and federal health officials, doctors, teachers, school boards, store clerks, food service workers and flight attendants.

    There are many factors involved in creating this dynamic, but one is no doubt the rapacious nature of our economy as a whole, and of the health care system in particular, which brutalizes the public. This status quo of societal and political indifference to sickness and bankruptcy reinforces the kind of Thomas Hobbesian mentality that the right is trying to instill — “the war of all against all” — as they seek to shred not only the patchwork social safety net, but also just basic norms of civil society, such as taking minimal precautions to protect others. As long as we make health care a commodity rather than a right, the cynical, dishonest arguments that are currently trying to discredit public health officials and measures will only endure: “They didn’t care about you then, what makes you think they care about you now?”

    Whereas the right is attempting to scapegoat public health officials for the problems caused by a for-profit system, they are not the ones with the power to make insulin or chemo free at the point of service, like vaccines. It is the politicians who are the ones who need to either be convinced, replaced or circumvented. How do we do this? In some respects, it seems like this issue, as with so many others, is perpetually in the doldrums. Our political system, especially at the federal level, is frozen by legalized bribery and prevented from addressing actual problems in a substantive way. Therefore, the fact that polling shows a majority favor a single-payer system is inconsequential to most of our representatives in an allegedly representative democracy.

    Moreover, simply the structure of government in the United States is a unique impediment. Because a party has to control both houses of Congress as well as the presidency at the same time in order to get most things done, most things don’t get done. Even when Democrats do hold this trifecta, there seems to always be a catch. This time it’s Manchin and Sinema, last time it was then-Senators Joe Lieberman and Ben Nelson.

    To demonstrate the degree to which our system bogs down progress, whereas President Harry Truman started pushing for single-payer at roughly the same time as the United Kingdom, they have had the National Health Service since the late 1940s, but here we are. President Lyndon Johnson was only able to get Medicare and Medicaid through because an inordinate number of liberals were elected to Congress in his 1964 landslide.

    Since the advent of Reaganism and the capitulation of the Democratic Party to neoliberalism and privatization, some strides have been made, although they have tended to be more market-based. To wit, both President Barack Obama and Biden ran on the public option, and neither produced it.

    This invariably gets into the status of the Democratic Party: Is it the only way to get to the goal, or is it hopelessly compromised by vested interests? That discussion is at least as old as former Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan, and there are valid points all around, but one thing that is certainly necessary is a greater focus on primaries and removing the Democrats who are the most captured by corporate power. If enough who oppose single-payer are removed, others will begin to accept it.

    The numbers are there. A significant majority of Democrats favor a Medicare for All system, the exit polling from the 2020 Democratic primaries demonstrates this. But because Biden beat Sanders, the corporate media and establishment party functionaries spun that as the voters agreeing more with Biden’s policy views rather than their impression of his “electability.”

    Often it seems that the party is more intent on strangling any social democratic policies than it is on opposing the rise of fascism, but in carrying out the former, they lay the groundwork for the latter. The dynamic described in this article is only one example of such: The precarity to which we expose so many people and the suffering they endure is hastening the rise of authoritarianism. Time was when Democrats understood this, as with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt implementing the New Deal in part as a bulwark against it.

    If change at the federal level is a remote possibility, a state-by-state approach is another route. Canada did not adopt universal health care all at once, it started in Saskatchewan after decades of activism on the part of agrarian and labor groups. Creating local and state organizations around single-payer and associated issues is a critical piece of building power and momentum. Doing so around preexisting union, faith and other networks could be especially impactful. As much as voting in the right people is necessary, ultimately there also need to be groups and spaces outside the partisan framework which are issue-oriented and not subservient to a party’s immediate electoral fortunes.

    Ballot measures are an especially potent example of this. On issues from raising the minimum wage, to legalizing marijuana, to expanding Medicaid, voters in a wide range of states, including deep red states, have voted for significant progressive change through ballot measures. Organizers in the states that have yet to expand Medicaid are working on this for the 2022 and 2024 elections. This isn’t single-payer, but defending and extending existing public health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid is critical in and of itself and to realizing that eventual goal. Find out what activism is going on in your neighborhood, state or region, and plug in or create the spark yourself.

    Much of the work of convincing people on the policy substance has already been done; it is largely a question of translating belief into action. Let’s use progressive arguments for progressive ends.

    This post was originally published on Latest – Truthout.

  • RNZ Pacific

    New Zealand, Australia and other nations in the Pacific need to do more to combat rampant vaccine misinformation in Pacific Island countries, which poses a threat to the whole region, a researcher says.

    The Sydney-based Lowy Institute think tank has released projections for when Pacific countries are likely to have vaccinated most of their populations against covid-19.

    Lowy researcher Alexandre Dayant said while some Pacific countries have been world-leading in vaccine coverage, others are coming last, and parts of the region now face a humanitarian crisis.

    Smaller countries like the Cook Islands, Palau, Nauru and Niue have already achieved majority vaccination thresholds, but other countries lag far behind.

    The forecasting shows that even by the start of 2023 there will likely still be a vast chunk of the population unvaccinated in Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands.

    Samoa is not expected to have vaccinated everyone 12 years and older until June next year, and Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Kiribati are not expected to achieve full vaccination for those over 18 years old until part-way through 2022.

    In Papua New Guinea, only 1.7 percent of the eligible population have been vaccinated so far, and the Lowy report said it could take until 2026 for just one third to be vaccinated.

    Misinformation a barrier
    Dayant said one of the main issues in PNG and elsewhere in the Pacific is misinformation.

    He said that as well as continuing to support the health system in Pacific countries, New Zealand and the international community should help counter the rampant misinformation about vaccines.

    Alexandre Dayant, Lowy Institute.
    Lowy Institute’s Alexandre Dayant … “New Zealand and Australia could help in some ways – dealing with Facebook, seeing what can be done to better control the spread of misinformation on Facebook.” Image: RNZ/Lowy Institute

    “New Zealand and Australia could help in some ways – dealing with Facebook, seeing what can be done to better control the spread of misinformation on Facebook. I think this is an issue that Facebook has had to deal with for many years.

    “Development partners must continue to partner with local government on their targeted counter-misinformation campaigns and develop a media messaging plan to ensure consistency of messaging about vaccines.”

    The report said vaccine supply to Pacific nations was also still an issue, but lack of healthcare workers and difficulties getting to those who need to be vaccinated has created bigger logistical challenges, with many remote and diverse areas.

    “How well vaccines are distributed and administered will have significant health, social and economic ramifications in the Pacific,” it said.

    The New Zealand Council for International Development’s humanitarian network chair Quenelda Clegg told RNZ that in PNG vaccine hesitancy had become vaccine phobia.

    “The situation is dire, people are genuinely afraid of this vaccine … and a critical reason why people are afraid of the vaccine is because of misinformation.

    “Misinformation is being spread around the country, and it really is preventing people from going and getting help, and going to the health centres and getting that very crucial vaccine.”

    Clegg said that before the arrival of covid-19 previous campaigns to reduce vaccine hesitancy had been successful in the Pacific, and she was hopeful the same could be done again.

    Quenelda Clegg, of ChildFund NZ
    ChildFund NZ’s Quenelda Clegg … “Misinformation is being spread around the country, and it really is preventing people from going and getting help.” Image: RNZ/ChildFund.org.nz

    “We’ve seen it done in Samoa, which went from a very low vaccine rate with the measles, and now today there’s around 100 percent vaccine take-up in the country — so that’s really positive.

    “We also know from a recent study done by the World Bank that when people are receiving accurate messages, and are receiving up-to-date information about the safety of vaccines that actually the general intention to get vaccines goes up by around 50 percent.”

    Access to the vaccine in geographically isolated areas, and cultural, economic and educational factors were all contributing to many people missing out in PNG, Clegg said.

    New Zealand recently sent a health team to PNG, but if more was not done to help the country, Clegg said “we could see the death rate spiral, the country’s health systems collapse, and even the spread of covid-19 beyond PNG.”

    The Council for International Development said New Zealand should donate its spare vaccines to PNG, help provide reliable cell phone coverage so health workers and community leaders there could pass on vaccine information, and fund mobile clinics to provide vaccinations in remote areas.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ News

    Former New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark says the global handling of the covid-19 pandemic is marred with failures, gaps and delays.

    Clark is a co-chair of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response and is urging nations to spend less time debating commas in committees and instead get on with implementing the panel’s proposed reforms.

    These include new financing of at least $10 billion a year for pandemic preparedness, and negotiations on a global pandemic treaty.

    Clark told RNZ Morning Report the wheels were in motion on the structural responses the panel had called for but progress was slow.

    “The wheels grind slowly but they are grinding,” she said, noting that the World Health Assembly (WHA) would meet for a special session next week and the sole item on the agenda was discussing whether to begin negotiating a treaty aimed at preventing future pandemics.

    “I’m quite optimistic that they [the WHA] will embark on negotiations — now what they negotiate is another matter, but the process is kind of under way.”

    If the WHA decided to move forward with treaty negotiations it would be only the second global public health treaty, after a 2003 accord to control tobacco use.

    Unequal global response
    Speaking in London overnight, at the launch of a six-month accountability review into the report commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) and published by the panel, Clark criticised the unequal response globally to the current pandemic’s more immediate challenges.

    “There hasn’t been an equitable supply of tools to fight the pandemic, despite the sincere efforts of many people,” she said.

    “We’ve talked a lot about vaccines, but many countries have lacked adequate access to other basics such as diagnostics, therapeutics, personal protective equipment, and even oxygen.”

    She told Morning Report the panel had recommended reforms that addressed those inequalities, including dedicated financing for pandemic preparedness and a redesigned “end-to-end” platform that could control the flow of essential medical goods in the event of a future pandemic.

    “That’s quite a big ask and in many ways this will be the hardest of all the asks that we had because it does require confronting the current way that the WTO (World Trade Organisation) deals with intellectual property,” Clark said.

    The issue of intellectual property rights was already a hot topic, she said, adding that India and South Africa were leading the change in pushing for “the waiver of intellectual property rights in the event of pandemics, including this one”.

    More than 257 million people have been reported to be infected by the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus and 5.4 million have died since the first cases were identified in central China in December 2019, according to a Reuters tally.

    215 new cases in NZ
    in New Zealand, the Ministry of Health reported 215 new community cases and one death, a patient in their 50s At Auckland City Hospital who was admitted to hospital on November 17.

    This took the total of deaths to 40 since the pandemic began.

    The ministry also said there were 88 people in hospital, including six in intensive care units (ICU).

    Of the new cases today, 196 were in Auckland, 11 in Waikato, four in Northland, one in Bay of Plenty, two in Lakes and one in MidCentral that was announced yesterday.

    Clark said a key part of “how to do better next time” globally would hinge on reforms required at the WHO itself and admitted the slow progress on deciding what those reforms should be was “frustrating”.

    The next regular meeting of the WHO was in late May next year and that would focus on the reform programme, she said.

    “While it’s slow and it’s frustrating and we’re coming up, at the end of next month, to the two-year anniversary since what was then a novel coronavirus – which isn’t now so novel – was first identified, the wheels are in motion on these structural responses.”

    ‘We’re by no means through this’
    Clark told Morning Report the newest wave of covid-19 infections in Europe was “largely avoidable” and should serve as a warning to New Zealand not to let its guard down.

    “What we’ve seen in … developed countries that are capable of administering a vaccine rollout [is] they then tend to throw out all the other measures,” she said.

    She was scathing of images she had seen showing almost no one on the London underground wearing masks: “Can we be surprised that there’s tens of thousands of cases a day?”

    She said both the WHO and the panel’s report advocated the ongoing use of public health measures in addition to vaccination.

    “Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. Don’t be satisfied …

    “In New Zealand, when you get to even 90 percent of vaccination of eligible people, don’t throw away the rest of the toolkit because you need it to control transmission among those who aren’t vaccinated,” Clark said.

    “It’s a complex story but we’re by no means through this.”

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • People recieve the covid test

    Within a few weeks, perhaps before many Americans finish decorating for the holidays, the U.S. could have access to a new antiviral pill from Merck expected to alter the deadly trajectory of the covid-19 pandemic — with a second option from Pfizer to follow shortly after.

    Now under federal review, both pills are being hailed by infectious-disease doctors not prone to superlatives.

    “This is truly a game changer,” said Dr. Daniel Griffin, an expert on infectious diseases and immunology at Columbia University. “This is up there with vaccines. It’s not a substitute for vaccines; we still want to get people vaccinated. But, boy, this is just another great tool to have.”

    The new regimens, which require 30 or 40 pills to be taken over five days, have been shown to dramatically reduce hospitalizations and prevent deaths in adults with mild to moderate covid who are at risk for severe disease because of age or underlying conditions. But experts say the success of the treatments would hinge on one uncertain factor: whether high-risk patients infected with covid will be able to get tested — and then treated — fast enough to make a difference.

    “Early, accessible testing and access to the results in a time frame that allows us to make a decision is really going to be key to these medications,” said Dr. Erica Johnson, who chairs the Infectious Disease Board of the American Board of Internal Medicine. “It puts the onus on our public health strategy to make these available.”

    In clinical trials, molnupiravir, the antiviral drug developed by Merck & Co. and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, was given to non-hospitalized, unvaccinated, high-risk adult patients within five days of their first covid symptoms. Pfizer’s product, Paxlovid, was tested in similar patients as early as three days — just 72 hours — after symptoms emerged.

    Results from the Merck trial, released last month, showed the drug reduced the risk of hospitalizations by about 50% and prevented deaths entirely. It will be considered by an advisory panel to the federal Food and Drug Administration on Nov. 30. Pfizer officials, who requested FDA emergency authorization for their drug on Nov. 16, said Paxlovid cut the risk of hospitalizations and deaths by 89%. Both drugs work by hampering the way the covid virus reproduces, though they do so at different points in the process.

    But those promising results assume the drugs can be administered in the narrow window of time used in the trials, a proven challenge when getting antiviral treatments to actual patients. Similar drugs can prevent dire outcomes from influenza if given early, but research shows that only about 40% of high-risk patients during five recent flu seasons sought medical care within three days of falling ill.

    “That’s just not human nature,” said Kelly Wroblewski, director of infectious disease programs for the Association of Public Health Laboratories. “If you have a sniffle, you wait to see if it gets worse.”

    Even when patients do seek early care, access to covid testing has been wildly variable since the start of the pandemic. U.S. testing capacity continues to be plagued by a host of problems, including supply-chain bottlenecks, staffing shortages, intermittent spikes in demand and results that can take hours — or far longer.

    PCR, or polymerase chain reaction tests, the gold standard to detect SARS-CoV-2, can require scheduled appointments at medical offices or urgent care centers, and patients often wait days to learn the results. Rapid antigen tests are faster but less accurate, and some medical providers are hesitant to rely on them. Over-the-counter tests that can be used at home provide results quickly but are hard to find in stores and remain expensive. And it’s not yet clear how those results would be confirmed and whether they would be accepted as a reason for treatment.

    “Get ready,” Griffin said. “You don’t want to call someone four days later to say, ‘Ooh, you’re now outside the window,’ and the efficacy of this oral medication has been lost because of problems on our end with getting those results.”

    The situation is expected to improve after a Biden administration push to invest $3 billion in rapid testing, including $650 million to ramp up manufacturing capacity for rapid tests. But it could be months before the change is apparent.

    “Supplies will be getting better, but it’s going to be slow,” said Mara Aspinall, co-founder of Arizona State University’s biomedical diagnostics program, who writes a weekly newsletter monitoring national testing capacity.

    If getting tests will be tough, acquiring doses of the antiviral drugs is expected to be tougher, at least at first. The federal government has agreed to purchase about 3.1 million courses of molnupiravir for $2.2 billion, which works out to about $700 per course of treatment. The Biden administration is planning to announce a deal to pay $5 billion for 10 million courses of the Pfizer drug, paying about $500 per treatment course, according to The Washington Post.

    Doses of the drugs distributed by the federal government would go to states and patients at no cost. But only a fraction of the planned inventory will be available to start, said Dr. Lisa Piercey, Tennessee’s health commissioner, who has been part of a small group of state health officials working on the distribution plans.

    Under one scenario, in which 100,000 courses of the Merck drug are available as early as Dec. 6, Piercey said Tennessee would receive just 2,000 patient courses even as the state is reporting more than 1,200 new cases a week on average. Deciding which sick patients receive those scarce supplies will be “an educated stab in the dark,” Piercey said.

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services officials have said the antiviral treatments will be distributed through the same state-based system adopted for monoclonal antibody treatments. The lab-made molecules, delivered via IV infusion or injection, mimic human antibodies that fight the covid virus and reduce the risk of severe disease and death. Federal officials took over distribution in September, after a covid surge in Southern states with low vaccination rates led to a run on national supplies. They’re now allotted to states based on the number of recent covid cases and hospitalizations and past use.

    The antivirals will be cheaper than the monoclonal antibody treatments, which cost the government about $1,250 per dose and can carry infusion fees that leave patients with hundreds of dollars in copays. The pills are much easier to use, and pharmacies likely will be allowed to order and dispense them for home use.

    Still, the antiviral pills won’t replace the antibody treatments, said Dr. Brandon Webb, an infectious-disease specialist at Intermountain Healthcare in Salt Lake City.

    Questions remain about the long-term safety of the drugs in some populations. Merck’s molnupiravir works by causing mutations that prevent the virus from reproducing. The Pfizer treatment, which includes Paxlovid and a low dose of ritonavir, an HIV antiretroviral, may cause interactions with other drugs or even over-the-counter supplements, Webb said.

    Consequently, the antivirals likely won’t be used in children, people with kidney or liver disease, or pregnant people. They’ll need to be administered to patients capable of taking multiple pills at once, a couple of times a day, and those patients should be monitored to make sure they complete the therapy.

    “We’ll be on an interesting tightrope in which we’ll be trying to identify eligible patients early on to treat them with antivirals,” Webb said. “We’re just going to need to be nimble and ready to pivot.”

    Kaiser Health News, a nonprofit health newsroom whose stories appear in news outlets nationwide, is an editorially independent part of the Kaiser Family Foundation.

    This post was originally published on Latest – Truthout.

  • RNZ News

    New Zealand will move into the covid-19 traffic light system at 11.59pm, Thursday,  December 2, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced today.

    That is in 11 days from today, November 22 — and Ardern said it was important that people prepare.

    At a post-cabinet briefing this afternoon, Ardern said: “The hard truth is that delta is here and it is not going away”.

    “And while no country to date has been able to eliminate delta completely once it’s arrived, New Zealand is better positioned than most to tackle it because of our high vaccination rates and the inbuilt safety measures in the traffic light system like vaccine passes.”

    Ardern said the most important thing to communicate about the traffic light system was “for the most part, if you’re vaccinated, you can go about doing all the kinds of things you’d usually expect … what varies is just how large those gatherings are at different levels”.

    Meanwhile, the Minustry of Health reported 205 new community cases of covid-19 in the country today and a person has died from the coronavirus.

    A statement said Counties Manukau Health reported the death of a man in his 40s at Middlemore Hospital.

    Of the new cases, 175 were in Auckland, 20 in Waikato, five in Bay of Plenty, one in Taupō and four in Northland.

    Vaccine levels would play a key determining factor for which regions go into red and which go into orange, Ardern said.

    “We will look at … vaccine rates, we will look at case rates, and that will be the major determining factor but we’ll also be pragmatic. So you know, a good indication is if you’ve hit 90 percent first dose is a good indication of where you’re heading.”

    Legal requirements
    Cabinet decided on the December 3 date (the first full day of the traffic light system) today, which allowed for the legal requirements in getting the system set up, Ardern said.

    Legislation would be introduced and passed this week to enable that, Ardern said.

    Watch the media briefing


    Video: RNZ News

    She disagreed with the idea that the traffic light system legislation was being rushed through under urgency.

    “The covid protection framework has been publicly available and able to be discussed, debated and considered since October. The very opposition who are choosing to criticise us also have been asking us of course to just move arbitrarily,” she said.

    “And of course we’ve got a process here where there’s able to debate on the framework but ultimately decisions about when we move have been based on the health situation.”

    The government will provide extra guidance for businesses to prepare. An assessment toolkit will be released for those businesses wanting to require their staff to be vaccinated.

    Tomorrow, the verifier app for businesses that require proof of the vaccine pass for entry will be launched.

    Businesses will not be required to use it, but it will be useful, she said.

    Guidance for businesses
    Guidance this week will also set out how businesses can operate safely under the traffic light system.

    One area where the government will be putting out sector-specific guidance was for schools, because they had large numbers of unvaccinated children, and parents who needed to supervise them.

    Sector-specific guidance will also be made available for local government outdoor events where there are no specific entry and exit points.

    From this Thursday, hairdressers and barbers in Auckland will be able to open if they require proof of vaccination from customers.

    This will operate as a trial period for the vaccine passes. The hairdressers and barbers will need to:

    • Operate with passes
    • Take bookings only (no walk-ins)
    • Staff must be fully vaccinated
    • Using alert level 2 settings – staff wearing masks and 1m distancing between chairs

    Ardern said the decision to allow hairdressers to open but not hospitality was because it was a group where the numbers are smaller and more confined, which allowed the vaccine pass system to be safely tested.

    Outside dining?
    Asked about the possibility of hospitality opening up for outside dining, Ardern said one of the issues was there was no simple legislative fix that would allow more venues to legally be able to hold al fresco dining. She said hairdressers were probably the lowest risk sector that would be able to operate.

    Some 83 percent of eligible New Zealanders are fully vaccinated. Ardern said that if all those people who were now overdue for their second shot got it today, that number would rise to 88 percent fully vaccinated.

    So far 1.2 million people had downloaded their vaccine pass, and Ardern urged those who had not yet done so to get in now.

    Earlier today, Ardern told RNZ Morning Report she was confident that district health boards (DHBs) would be able to cope with covid-19 pressures over the summer.

    Ardern said when the government considered alert levels 29 November 29, it will be considering regions’ likely status over summer as well as their vaccination rates.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • ANALYSIS: By Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato

    The covid protest outside Parliament earlier this month served as a warning that Aotearoa New Zealand is not immune to the kinds of anger seen overseas. As Labour Party whip Kieran McAnulty put it, “I think everyone needs to be aware that things are starting to escalate.”

    McAnulty himself had been abused by some with strong anti-vaccination views, and there has been increasingly violent rhetoric directed at government politicians and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.

    As a result, security for MPs has been stepped up.

    As the recent report from research centre Te Pūnaha Matatini showed, there has been a sharp increase in the “popularity and intensity of covid-19 specific disinformation and other forms of ‘dangerous speech’ and disinformation, related to far-right ideologies”.

    The analysis noted a broader threat: “That covid-19 and vaccination are being used as a kind of Trojan Horse for norm-setting and norm-entrenchment of far-right ideologies in Aotearoa New Zealand.”

    Terror threat: medium
    Last year, New Zealand’s Security Intelligence Service (SIS) warned of the “realistic possibility” that continued covid restrictions or further vaccination requirements could trigger an act of violent extremism.

    The country is not alone in this, of course. Covid-19 has seen dissent and angry protest rise globally, with inevitable concern over an increased risk of terrorism or violent extremism.

    Right now, New Zealand’s official terror threat level is assessed as “medium”, meaning an attack is deemed “feasible and could well occur”.

    By contrast, Australia’s threat level is set at “probable” and Britain’s at “severe”. According to its Department of Homeland Security, the US “continues to face a diverse and challenging threat environment as it approaches several religious holidays and associated mass gatherings”.

    Riot police deployed in Melbourne
    Riot police were deployed in Melbourne in September when protests over mandatory vaccination for construction workers turned violent. Image: The Conversation/GettyImages

    The lone actor problem
    An SIS terrorism threat assessment from February this year, coupled with a “Threat Insight” from the Combined Threat Assessment Group in November 2020, divided potential terrorists in New Zealand into three groups based on faith, identity and politics. What they share is a willingness to use violence to achieve their goals.

    The most likely scenario involves a lone actor, inspired by any ideology and probably using an unsophisticated means of attack, without any intelligence warning. However, a small anti-government cell was also considered a realistic possibility.

    The SIS assessment noted there are almost certainly individuals who advocate the use of violence to promote racial or ethnic identity beliefs, as well as individuals potentially prone to faith-based violent extremism. As for politically motivated actors, the SIS was more reassuring:

    While some individuals and groups have lawfully advocated for signicant change to current political and social systems, there continues to be little indication of any serious intent to engage in violence to acheive that change.

    The February report is heavily redacted, so needs to be placed next to the November “Threat Insight”. That report noted a “realistic possibility” of terrorist acts depending on how Covid-19 and the associated economic and social impacts unfolded, and how individual extremists might be affected. It concluded:

    The situation in New Zealand over the next 12 months is likely to remain dynamic. There is a realistic possibility further restrictions or potential vaccination programmes […] could be triggers for New Zealand-based violent extremists to conduct an act of terrorist violence.

    Still a peaceful place?
    If there is any comfort to take, it might be that New Zealand has risen in the 2021 Global Peace Index, putting the country second only to Iceland.

    This represents a return to relative normality after the 2019 Christchurch terror attack saw New Zealand drop 79 places in the Global Terrorism Index in 2020 (ranking 42nd, just behind Russia, Israel and South Africa).

    But while there are other reasons to be hopeful — notably New Zealand’s comparatively low and apparently reducing homicide numbers — there remain reasons for concern. From the Lynn Mall terror attack through to the murder of a police officer or the tragic shooting of an innocent teenager, serious violence is not uncommon.

    There has also been an increase in firearms injuries, many (but not all) gang-related. Figures released under the Official Information Act show the police are facing increased risks: between March 2019 and July 2021, officers had firearms pointed or discharged at them 46 times.

    New Zealanders can have some faith the system, however. Two potential shooting events, one involving a school, were foiled by police. The New Lynn extremist was already subject to monitoring so tight he was shot within 60 seconds of launching his attack.

    Security intelligence also detected espionage in the military, and was instrumental in New Zealand Cricket calling off its tour of Pakistan due to a plausible terror threat.

    A ‘see something, say something’ culture
    All of this underscores the need for everyone to do what they can to combat alienation and misinformation in the community, anchored by tolerance, respect and civil behaviour. And it also requires that people be prepared to report acts of suspicious activity or threats of violence (online or not).

    As the Royal Commission on the Christchurch terror attacks noted, the likeliest thing to have prevented the tragedy would have been a “see something, say something” culture — one where people could safely raise their concerns with the appropriate authorities.

    “Such reporting,” the commission concluded, “would have provided the best chance of disrupting the terrorist attack.”

    As the pandemic stretches into the next year, with likely ongoing restrictions and unforeseeable complications, this remarkable sentence is worth remembering. It suggests the best defence against extremism is to be found within ourselves, and in the robust and safe communities we must create.The Conversation

    Dr Alexander Gillespie, professor of law, University of Waikato. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence. Read the original article.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ News

    New Zealand has reported 149 community cases of covid-19 in the country today, including nine outside Auckland.

    In a statement, the Ministry of Health said there were 83 people now in hospital — up 13 from Saturday — including five in intensive care.

    The new cases reported today included 140 in Auckland, six in Waikato, two in the Bay of Plenty and one in Canterbury.

    “The spread of covid-19 cases to regions throughout New Zealand is a reminder that everyone needs to heed the advice that will help keep our communities as safe as possible,” the statement said.

    “That includes ensuring you and your loved ones are fully vaccinated if eligible, get tested even if you have only mild symptoms, wear a mask, keep a safe distance from people outside your bubble, and keep track of your movements outside your home.”

    Earlier today, a positive case was confirmed in Hawke’s Bay and testing is underway in the area. The person had travelled to the region from Auckland, with a travel exemption.

    The ministry said this afternoon that the the person was relocating from Auckland and advised to isolate in Hawke’s Bay after the positive result was returned. The case is currently isolating safely and remains well.

    Contacts tested negative
    Contacts have so far tested negative for covid-19.

    The Bay of Plenty case reported today is in Tauranga and is a contact of a known cluster, while four of the six new cases in Waikato are linked to earlier cases.

    The ministry said the Christchurch case was an initial weak positive result and was being further investigated. The case recently travelled to the North Island, and was linked to another case in the Lower North Island.

    There were no further cases reported in the Wellington region today.

    The ministry said 84 of today’s 149 new cases were yet to be linked.

    On Saturday there were 172 community cases reported in New Zealand, 148 of which were in Auckland.

    There have now been 6850 cases in the current community outbreak and 9608 cases of the coronavirus in New Zealand since the pandemic began.

    21,501 vaccine doses
    There were 21,501 vaccine doses given yesterday — 6002 first doses and 15,499 second doses.

    The ministry said 91 percent of eligible people in New Zealand had now had their first dose and 83 percent were fully vaccinated.

    It said 12 district health boards (DHBs) had now reached the 90 percent first dose vaccination milestone, with South Canterbury the latest area to achieve it.

    More than one million people had now downloaded their My Vaccine Pass.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • A health worker holds up a bottle of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

    Janine Jackson: The front-page November 10 New York Times told us, “Moderna Moves for Total Credit in Vaccine Patent; Won’t Share With US.” It’s an odd thing to read, but corporate news media often present readers with linguistic juxtapositions that accurately, if unwittingly, reflect deep questions about US society.

    In this case, it’s the fact that a private company is seeking to deny the involvement of the NIH in inventing the main component of its Covid-19 vaccine, with, as the paper notes, “broad implications for the vaccine’s long-term distribution and billions of dollars in future profits.”

    It’s nice that the vaccine’s lifesaving capacity comes first in the phrase, before the billions to be made. But is that the priority of the process at work here?

    Joining us now by phone is Peter Maybarduk, director of Public Citizen’s Global Access to Medicines Program. Welcome back to CounterSpin, Peter Maybarduk.

    Peter Maybarduk: It’s great to be back.

    JJ: Very simply, what is Moderna claiming it did, and how does that comport with your understanding of the invention of this vaccine?

    PM: Moderna says that it independently designed the sequence used in the NIH/Moderna vaccine, what we might think of as the vaccine itself. The National Institutes of Health says that it sent over a sequence which Moderna plugged into its process. So it is a technical dispute regarding, essentially, authorship of the vaccine.

    Now, what’s not in dispute is that the National Institutes of Health and Moderna have been partners in this process for several years. And it’s important but often overlooked: The National Institutes of Health are the world’s leading funder of biomedical research, with about $40 billion taxpayer dollars invested every year in products that are eventually sold, largely under monopoly conditions, by the pharmaceutical industry.

    In this case, federal scientists pioneered research into coronaviruses long before Covid-19. You recall that we had SARS and MERS, and were aware that there was a coronavirus threat, and it was the federal government that pushed much of that research ahead, and also played a role helping pioneer the various vaccine platforms, including MRNA, which has proved so effective.

    So in this case, we have a dispute over who is the inventor of the core patent at the heart of the world’s most effective Covid-19 vaccine. And NIH and Moderna just don’t agree. And we are now starting to get rumblings out of NIH that perhaps they will take this to the next level, and seek a legal resolution. What we understand is that the company and the US government have been fighting about this behind closed doors for a year now.

    JJ: What is the meaningful impact? What would it, for instance, limit the US government from doing if Moderna gets sole credit for invention here? And what would it allow Moderna to do?

    PM: If the US government is a co-inventor, it has more formal power, as well as more informal leverage, to insist on certain uses of the vaccine, to license the technology to more manufacturers worldwide, to help scale up production, for example. Or, and to your initial point, to insist on royalty payments to the government in exchange for Moderna’s use of some of this publicly funded technology.

    The truth of the matter is that the NIH and the US government actually have broader powers than just what are in this patent. And we believe and have said all along that the US government, under its contract with Moderna, or under the Defense Production Act and the Bayh/Dole Act, and other powers under existing law, has the power to share key vaccine information, license other producers, perhaps simply share the entire NIH/ Moderna vaccine recipe with the World Health Organization, to see production scaled up and this key invention made available to all the world’s people, who so desperately need it.

    But there’s no doubt that, in reputational terms, in terms of the story that is told, potentially in terms of dollars, the issue of who really invented the vaccine just has great salience and implications for what kinds of decisions the government makes about that power that we believe it has.

    JJ: Back in April, you said:

    One of the greatest public health private/profit tensions in this story is the value of “vaccine recipes” and vaccine technology. A company like Moderna isn’t thinking only about the value of its MRNA vaccine–which is actually [you noted] is actually an NIH, a publicly developed vaccine, in partnership with Moderna, paid for by taxpayers over many years already. But they’re thinking about the value of future products.

    Which is just my way of saying, I don’t imagine that this twist in the story comes as a complete surprise to you.

    PM: That’s right. We’ve been tracking it for some time, and of course the US government and Moderna have been fighting about it for some time.

    You know, worldwide, more than 10 million people so far have died as a result of the pandemic. And a core issue there is that there have not been enough vaccines to go around. And NIH/Moderna is the people’s vaccine, or should be the people’s vaccine–publicly funded, publicly pioneered, public science leading the way, and even running the clinical trials. Taxpayers paid for 99% of this vaccine’s development.

    But Moderna is trying to turn this people’s vaccine into a rich people’s vaccine. It has been available primarily to wealthy countries, very few doses going to COVAX or to the global relief effort, and the technology not being shared with the World Health Organization, or others that could build on it.

    So that’s what’s at stake, and from the beginning of the pandemic, unfortunately, the US government’s position has been to be extremely deferential to corporate interests, rather than noting the scale of the crisis, and noting the government’s own involvement, and saying, you know what? We are co-owners of this vaccine, and we shall make it available to the world, because the crisis calls for that.

    Our position always has been that the US government can compensate Moderna for its investment and its scientific engagements, but that we should not allow, that humanity cannot afford, for such an important medical tool to be held corporate confidential, and limited in its rollout at this time.

    JJ: This is, I guess, another point on that question. I do believe that for most people, protection from a fatal disease is not seen as like having a fancy car, you know: if you can’t afford it, you just go without it. So it brings us back to an underlying question of private resourcing of public health.

    And the news coverage on this latest twist has had a sort of subtheme of, this is so sad because the private/public partnership on vaccines was like the holy grail, and now it’s getting kind of messed up. The New York Times called it “one of the few bright spots of the pandemic.” And I get that. But I also hear, like, God forbid the state just do a thing on its own in the public interest, you know? Because that would mean government worked, and we can’t have that.

    And so the problem is being defined, for those who think there’s a problem, as Moderna might get these billions, but if the US got some of these billions, it would go to the Treasury. And the vision that calls up is drugs, lifesaving drugs are a pot of gold, and private companies and governments are fighting over it. And that whole vision seems kind of effed up to me, as a way to resource public health.

    PM: Certainly more important is the government’s responsibility for stewarding the technology that it is helping develop, for one. But also, even if the government hadn’t developed this technology, simply recognizing the role of the world’s most powerful government in a time of global crisis–if it were war, we would treat the technology differently. We would not allow any company’s particular rights or investments to prevent us from developing the best defense technologies. So should it be in health. But we aren’t there yet, politically, and it’s a corner that we desperately need to turn, because so many people, of course, are dying in this case.

    JJ: We’ve been speaking with Peter Maybarduk. He’s director of the Global Access to Medicines Program at Public Citizen. You can find them online at citizen.org. Peter Maybarduk, thank you so much for joining us this week on CounterSpin.

    PM: Thank you.

    This post was originally published on Latest – Truthout.

  • By Jane Patterson, RNZ political editor, and Rowan Quinn, health correspondent

    As New Zealand readies for more covid-19 cases, warnings about the ability of public hospitals to cope are escalating.

    There are 289 intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit (HDU) beds at the moment, with Minister of Health Andrew Little insisting that could be ramped up to 550 if needed.

    But that has been roundly questioned by opposition MPs, clinicians and ICU experts, including a recent New Zealand Medical Journal article concluding fully staffed, extra capacity would be more like 67 beds.

    It describes New Zealand’s “comparatively low ICU capacity” as a “potential point of vulnerability” in the covid-19 response.

    Intensive care
    There is a reason it is called intensive care.

    Patients there are so sick, each one has a nurse with them around the clock.

    Those there because of covid-19 are usually struggling to breathe, their lungs unable to give their body all the oxygen it needs to function.

    There are doctors, physios, pharmacists who come and go to give vital care but it is the nurses who are the constant.

    That’s why the shortage of ICU nurses is at the heart of the debate.

    New Zealand’s intensive care was already in a perilous position long before covid-19, with one of the lowest number of beds per capita in the developed world.

    Doctors and nurses have been asking for help for 10 years, failing to make meaningful traction with successive governments.

    The small community pulled together, pooled resources, when crises like the White Island eruption and the mass shooting in Christchurch hit.

    But covid-19 is different. It is here for longer and will hit everywhere.

    Political football
    Little is “assured that we will manage and we will cope”.

    High vaccination rates will mean fewer people will actually end up in hospital and “the vast majority who then get infected will be able to be cared for in the home with appropriate sort of monitoring, the stuff we’re putting in place at the moment”, he says.

    He acknowledges any move to surge up would mean deferred operations for things like hip and knee replacements, and people needing a lower level of care getting it somewhere other than a hospital.

    “The impact will be on non-covid patients who can be safely referred to other places for their care and recovery at the hospital.”

    Health Minister Andrew Little
    Minister of Health Andrew Little … “assured that we will manage and we will cope”. Image: Dom Thomas/RNZ

    National Party MP Shane Reti says there are simply not enough specialist ICU nurses.

    “Five point three nurses [needed per ICU] bed, it’s orphaned out and what we know from specialists … is that instead of the hundreds of beds that Andrew says we’ve got we’ve probably only got about 67 to surge to.”

    Not wanting to sound like a “political caricature”, Little, however, lays the blame at the feet of the previous National government.

    Heath underfunded
    “Our ICU capacity – if we’re talking about just designated ICU wards, and ICU beds, yep, that’s been a long standing problem … the reality is health has been underfunded for a long time, particularly when it comes to health facilities and buildings,” he says.

    He is confident any outbreak can be managed, saying expanding to 500 or so beds would require an increase to about 200,000 covid-19 patients across the country.

    However, Reti says that the May 5 public sector pay freeze has impacted on staffing, with some going to Australia, and that New Zealand’s now competing with the world for ICU nurses with an immigration system that’s not friendly to them.

    National Party MP Shane Reti
    National Party MP Shane Reti … May 5 public sector pay freeze has impacted on staffing. Image: Dom Thomas/RNZ

    Nursing shortage
    Even with the known nursing vacancies, New Zealand’s needs could be met with the training of about 1400 more nurses to work in ICU under supervision, Little says.

    Through May 2020 till mid August this year, there were no new, resourced ICU beds in Auckland DHB, but the ICU nurse headcount dropped from about 250 to just over 212.

    Reti says the nursing shortage is a major obstacle.

    “When Minister Little says, ‘I’ve trained up 1400 ICU nurses’ — no you haven’t, what you’ve done is you’ve given them half a day’s online training and half a day on a mannequin.

    “In no shape or form is that an ICU nurse — they’ll be valuable, don’t get me wrong — but valuable for turning patients in ICU?”

    Auckland has the biggest ICU unit in the country, and needed to find nurses from across New Zealand on September 1 when eight active cases arrived there, he says, showing just how thin the margins are.

    On the ground
    Vice-president of the Australasian College of Intensive Care Rob Bevan says right now intensive care is coping well.

    That is due, in large part, to high — and rising — vaccination rates and the fact that Auckland’s been in lockdown.

    Quieter lives mean fewer car accident and workplace falls, while hospitals have delayed many of the planned operations which might involve ICU recovery.

    But Dr Bevan, a specialist at Auckland’s Middlemore Hospital, says more beds will be needed next year when covid-19 is in the community and life was comparatively back to normal.

    “There is going to be a burden of covid that people will need hospitalisation and intensive care for that we need to add onto what we were doing before,” he says.

    “And acknowledging that our intensive care bed capacity before was still not enough to care for everybody without resorting to the deferment of planned care on occasion.”

    Many who work in intensive care say the government and health bosses are wrong to count physical beds (and the equipment that comes with them) when there are not enough nurses to use them all.

    Shocked by ‘training’
    When they said they were training other nurses to help in ICU, the nurses organisation kaiwhakahaere Kerri Nuku said she was shocked to learn what that meant.

    “Four hours online training — to go and support in ICU. Those decisions about what’s in the best interests of nursing have not been made for nurses,” she said.

    Indeed, specialist ICU nurses say they would have to spend time supervising the online trained back-ups, adding more work to an already very challenging job.

    And Bevan says surging up to more than 500 beds is not a realistic picture.

    “That is a crisis, short term, and largely unsustainable model that we would have had to have moved to had we been overwhelmed like they have been in other parts of the world,” he says.

    “But that would most likely achieve worse outcomes for all patients in ICU than they have in other parts of the world compared with our best model of care that we’ve been able to provide to date.”

    The message is starting to get through to those who made decisions, he says.

    Intensive care meetings
    Intensive care bodies are meeting with the Ministry of Health twice a week and there is work underway to try to recruit more nurses from overseas, he says.

    But it has to go beyond talk and into action, first to sort the short term problem but then to keep building on that over the next several years.

    “The next pandemic is inevitable … it might be in 10 years, it might be in 100 years, but it is coming,” Bevan says.

    Little says he has also asked for decisions on three DHBs proposals expanding ICU capacity to be “accelerated”, but even then, those “will be some months away — they won’t be instant”.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • RNZ Checkpoint

    A New Zealand emergency medical specialist has written about their experience working at an Auckland hospital, issuing a warning ahead of yesterday’s Auckland border announcement.

    Auckland’s border will reopen on December 15 for fully-vaccinated travellers or those who test negative for covid-19 within 72 hours of departure.

    The new rules will apply until January 17.

    The medical specialist’s warning:

    A health system overwhelmed

    I head into my shift in charge as an Emergency Medicine Specialist. I park and walk past the ambulance bay, noting all the ambulances parked, I speak with some tired but cheerful paramedics even though it has been 30 minutes since they arrived with their patient — the triage nurse hasn’t got to them yet.

    I see my colleagues, busy caring for patients, contacting specialties, arranging tests, performing procedures, talking with families. I see police lining the corridor. I call for security when I hear someone screaming profanities at one of our nurses. I note that our isolation rooms are already full.

    I see that we have one resuscitation room available, the rest are already full. There are three people mentally unwell who need care in a mental health unit, one of who is suicidal and has been in the busy and bright emergency department for over a day. 

    There is no room available in any mental health unit in Auckland. We try our very best to provide them with care, but we are not a mental health inpatient unit. There are multiple patients waiting for admission to a ward; I am told that no beds will be available until the next morning. The charge nurse and I sigh. Another evening of balancing emergency care with providing ward care to those we’ve already seen and admitted with hardly any room in the emergency department. The nurses bear the brunt of this burden.

    That was in early August, before the current outbreak.

    Now, I head into my shift in charge as an Emergency Medicine Specialist. Before I’ve left [home] I have to shave so the N95 mask seals. I ready a box for my clothes (when I get home I strip naked before entering and beeline to the shower, I don’t want to infect my family).

    The ambulance bay is packed. Everyone is in PPE, I can’t recognise people. The paramedics look tired. I don my N95 mask, check the seal and enter the department. Inside, all my colleagues are in full PPE. I see all the negative pressure isolation rooms are already full. The pregnant patients wait alongside the suicidal patients and the elderly breathless patients.

    I am told the hospital has run out of negative pressure rooms on the ward, but that one might be freed up in an hour. There is no plan in place for what to do if there are no negative pressure rooms available. 

    The charge nurse and I make one up. It is not ideal and has some risk. We inform management of the situation, but they can’t magic up new wards. A call from microbiology, “another covid positive result”. I quickly confirm that the patient is in a negative pressure room rather than in our makeshift four bedded very unlikely but theoretically possible covid space. They are. A relief — I would feel responsible for causing extra infections.

    I hear security being called. I walk behind them and see someone in a negative pressure room throwing medical equipment around the room. They are covid positive and are thought to be high on methamphetamine. We can’t calm them down, the situation escalates. The security guards have to restrain them, risking covid infection.

    A covid outbreak brings so many new incremental tasks and barriers to care and the new addition of significantly increased risk to the personal health and wellbeing of healthcare providers and patients. Paramedics, nurses, health care assistants, doctors, security and cleaners take an extra 3 minutes to don and doff PPE for every interaction. 

    If I interact with 20 patients during an in-charge shift – that’s an hour of the shift that I am spending donning and doffing PPE that I could be using to provide care. Rooms need extra cleaning. Wards want to wait for negative covid swabs before admitting people even though they aren’t supposed to — I get it, they don’t want to be infected either. 

    Our Emergency Department is more and more frequently overflowing. Ambulances might wait over 30 minutes to transfer their patients to our care leaving them unavailable for 111 dispatches. People can wait half a day for an ambulance transfer between hospitals — there are none available.

    We hear a lot about ICU beds. It is absolutely true that we have half the number we should have even in the absence of a pandemic. But this issue is only one part of the problem.

    If the number of unvaccinated covid cases increases significantly the problem will be that the entire health system will be overwhelmed — what will that look like?

    How many ambulances, emergency department rooms, and ward rooms will there be, and, crucially, will there be enough healthcare workers?

    When wards and EDs are full, ambulances cannot hand over care of their acutely unwell patients and so they wait in the ambulance bay for hours and days. When that happens, there will be no ambulances available. When an ambulance is called for my friend’s baby that is born early at home, for my uncle’s chest pain, for my cousin’s car crash, for my grandmother’s fall, my child’s nut allergy or my neighbour’s child with asthma — they may be queued at the hospital ambulance bay and unable to attend.

    When wards are full, patients wait in the ED and when the ED is full, they wait in the waiting room and the corridors.

    This is in Auckland, where there are more ambulances, more ED beds and more ward beds than Whanganui, or Taupō, or Greymouth.

    Everyone has their reasons for or against the vaccine. These are my reasons for the vaccine:

    • Vaccination decreases the rate of infection and therefore decreases the number of people who become unwell with covid.
    • The Pfizer vaccine provides around 95 percent protection from symptomatic viral infection after two doses, which means 95 people out of 100 exposed to the virus will not develop symptomatic covid. Face coverings and social distancing help to further decrease the risk of infection on exposure. As there is active community transmission, we are all exposed. 
    • Those vaccinated individuals who do become infected have very mild symptoms and so are less likely to pass it on. Fully immunised individuals rarely become unwell enough to require hospital level care, so they rarely need to come to hospital. This then decreases the risk of infection for health care workers.
    • Every infection in a health care worker has flow-on effects, it is at least 10 patients per shift per clinician that have to be cared for by someone else in the place I work.

    As the cases in the community grow, and contact tracing struggles to keep up, more cases become infectious in the community. The capacity to follow-up patients with Healthline also becomes exceeded while GPs are taking on more care for covid patients in the community.

    GP practices are already overloaded, and people with chronic disease may not be able to get timely care or may feel uncomfortable seeking care — becoming acutely unwell as a result, needing hospital care.

    Except when they need it there may be no bed for them, and, no ambulance.

    That is a health system overwhelmed.

    • This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • New Zealand reported a record 222 new community cases of covid-19 and one virus-related death today.

    There are now 91 people in hospital and seven in ICU across the country, reports the Ministry of Health.

    More than 21,000 doses of vaccine were administered yesterday.

    Of today’s official cases, 197 cases are in Auckland, 20 are in Waikato, two are in Taupō, two are in Wairarapa, and one is in Northland.

    Public health officials said they were investigating a common link between cases reported in Taupō, Tararua and Masterton.

    Patient in 70s dies
    In a statement this afternoon, the ministry confirmed a patient in her late 70s had died at Auckland City Hospital after she was admitted on November 11 and had subsequently tested positive for the virus.

    This takes the total of deaths from covid-19 in New Zealand to 35.

    Public health staff in Auckland are now supporting 4416 people to isolate at home around Auckland. This includes 2023 covid-19 cases.

    There are 18 community testing centres available across Auckland today.

    The ministry said 21 residents and four staff members of Edmonton Meadows Care Home in Henderson had tested positive since the start of the outbreak.

    Five residents who tested positive are receiving appropriate ward-level care at Auckland hospitals, it added.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.

  • By Rowan Quinn, RNZ News health correspondent

    About 2000 New Zealand district health board workers had not been vaccinated 15 hours before the deadline to lose their jobs.

    From today no one can work in healthcare unless they have had at least one dose of the covid-19 vaccine or are exempt from the government mandate.

    Unite Union’s Gerard Hehir represents six Waikato Hospital orderlies who have decided to quit.

    They had a last minute meeting with the district health board (DHB) yesterday, one of a series over the past few weeks.

    “People have been given the opportunity to think about it, respond, have some time, offered more information,” he said.

    Even though they could not work from today, they would have one more meeting this week, a chance to change their minds before their contracts were terminated, he said.

    Other DHBs also met with workers yesterday, with most offering the chance for last minute vaccinations.

    Numbers unclear
    It was still unclear how many people have made the same choice as the Waikato orderlies.

    A spokesperson representing all district health boards said at 9am yesterday they estimated there were about 2 percent or 3 percent of their 80,000 staff nationally who were unvaccinated — between 1600 and 2400 people.

    But it would be a few days before they knew the final number, she said.

    That estimate did not count the tens of thousands of contractors who worked at hospitals, doing jobs like carpentry, food preparation or patient transport.

    Counties Manukau DHB managers have been told they are responsible for checking every contractor who is coming on site to do work for their team.

    The mandate went beyond DHBs to people working in the community – GPs, physiotherapists, psychologists, midwives, chiropractors and more.

    The College of GPs medical director Dr Bryan Betty said it was also trying to get a gauge on how many of the country’s 5000 GPs were not vaccinated.

    He knew of about 20, but also of nurses and receptionists who would lose their jobs.

    Awaiting DHB figures
    Nurse and midwife organisations were also waiting on DHB figures to find out how their professions were impacted.

    Nurses Organisation Kaiwhakahaere Kerri Nuku said there was a small number out of the roughly 50,000 nurses working around the country.

    She knew personally of six who were still holding out but also of some who had been reluctant then realised their jobs were more important and got vaccinated.

    College of Midwives chief executive Alison Eddy said she worried about losing any midwife from the workforce, because it was already so stretched.

    Hehir said the union was supporting its workers but it did back the mandate.

    When it surveyed its DHB workers, for every vaccine hesitant response, there were many more from those who said they would be uncomfortable working with unvaccinated people.

    “It is a real serious issue with people losing their jobs but it is also a very serious issue for people concerned about their health and the health of their families,” he said.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

    This post was originally published on Asia Pacific Report.